Art History Of Photography Final Exam

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Bauhaus

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School that taught form follows function. Based on new unity b/n art and technology. Shared values with Russian Avante-Garde Today is School of Design in Chicago.

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Dry Plate Process

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Use of silver bromide and layer of gelatin. With much of the complex chemistry work centralized into a factory, the new process simplified the work of photographers, allowing them to expand their business.

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Photogram

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"Kinetic light performances" - produced in a dark room without a camera, objects were put on photo sensitive paper and light expressions were created.

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Fotoescultura

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Enlarged and hand colored photograph applied to a wooden bust or frame. B/n 2 sheets of beveled glass.

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Jijora

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"Neither totally abstract nor totally realistic." Should represent the individual but also ideal Yoruba characteristics. Extreme stylization of pose and expression.

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Dziga Vertov

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Russian Avant-Garde photographer. Idea of disrupting normal vision and enhance understanding of the familiar. Filmed "Man with a Movie Camera"

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George Eastmand

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Invented Kodak.

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W.E.B. Du Bois

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Took "new negro" portraits in France. Resisted scientific portrait conventions to impose a new way of seeing african americans.

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Odo

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"In the prime of life." Strength in pose, expression, wisdom & maturity.

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Ibeji

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Twins, the sacred children.

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Group F-64

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Group of 7 San-Fran based photogs. Opposed Pictorialists, shared a style of sharp focus and carefully framed images. Used large format cameras and zone system.

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Photostory

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Series of images and text that create one central narrative. Easily identifiable place, time, action, and character.

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Halftone process

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Text tones are represented by numerous small dots. Presents the illusion of the original tones in the photo.

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Soldaderas

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Mexican Revolution female supporters and soldiers.

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Socialist Realism

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Clear narrative of a cleaned up reality. Stalin came to power in the 1930s and standard of living deteriorated; movement sought to hide it from the world.

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Roy Stryker

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Head of FSA photography to document the Great Depression. Had photogs get to know the story//people before taking pix.

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Lewis Hine

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Great Depression photog

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Artist as a "seer"

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Possessing insight beyond the average person.

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Zone system

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A method of predetermining tonal ranges through a system of measured exposure times and film development. Properly exposed negative yields same acceptable print every time.

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Theory of Equivalence

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Belief that colors, lines, & shapes reflect the inner and emotive "vibrations of the soul"

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Dr. Thomas Bernado

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Bernado's documentary images were like art photos. Created fictions to evoke a higher truth. Raised $$$ for his school for poor boys.

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Tina Modotti

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Post Mexican Revolution photog and film actress. Photographed body parts: standing in for the person, body, life and revolutionary history.

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Rayograph

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Cameraless direction production of images on photosensitive paper. Reminiscent of Dada collages w/no direct interpretation. Talbot called it "light writing".

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Beat Generation

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Group of American postWWII writers popular in the 50s. "Beat" culture: rejection of received standards, innovations in style, use of illegal drugs, alternative sexualities, examination of religion, rejection of materialism, explicit portrayals of human condition.

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Formalism

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Emphasizes composition elements such as color, line, shape, and texture rather than iconography or historical//social context.

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Post-Modernism

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By manipulating new technology artists were able to short cut traditional processes involved in 'making art' but still create something new. Widespread disillusionment with life & power of existing value systems of government//technology. Authority, expertise, knowledge, and eminence of achievement were discredited.

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Indian Relocation 1952

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Designed to entice reservation dwellers to 7 major urban cities where jobs were supposedly plentiful. Indians moved to cities and created pan-Indian political groups.

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Wounded Knee Incident 1973

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Approximately 200 Oglala Lakota and followers of the American Indian Movement (AIM) seized and occupied the town of Wounded Knee, SD on Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.

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Albert Renger-Patzsch

German

Irons for Shoe Fabrication

1926

*Shoe irons are presented in multiples, pointing upward as clean and beautiful. Industrial and natural objects presented in new ways. New Objectivity: clean exactness, products of modern industrial world in everyday life, inspired by Russian Avant-Garde.

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Laszlo Moholy-Nagy

Hungarian

From the Radio Tower, Berlin

1938

*Unity of art and technology. Technology as a solution for political and economic problems.

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August Sander

German

Peasant Girls

1928

*Realist portraiture. "Pure" photography, unsentimental. Psychology of age.

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Horace Poolaw

Kiowa

Harry A-hote

1928

*Poolaw's photographs were of Indian heroes. Attemped to preserve cultural identity as well as challenge invisibility of Native Americans throughout U.S. history.

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Richard Ray Whitman

Yuchi/Creek

Walter Straight

1985

*Whitman's street chief series showed urban poverty perspective of Native American culture as opposed to Poolaw's reverence toward important figures. Revealed problems of representation (Post-Modernism).

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Jolene Rickard

Tuscarora

Three Sisters 1988

*Self portrait is Rickard's representation of aspects of Indian culture. Serves to address problems of Indian representation (Post-Modernism). Use of important cultural symbols to cry out.

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Unknown Photog

Postmortem daguerreotype w/hand tinted flowers

1850

*Evokes sense of touch

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Unknown Photog

Framed photos with hair work

1880

*Evokes sense of touch. Women as keepers of memory-hairwork prominent art among women.

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Paul Martin

France

Yarmouth Beach

1982

*Emulate casual look of snapshots. Equated informality of candid photography with photographic truth.

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El Lissitsky

Russian

The Constructor self-portrait

1924

*Example of Russian Avant-Garde. Reflects through union of compass and hand // human and technology.

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Alexander Rodchenko

Russian

At the Telephone

1928

*Angle is from above instead of head on because at this time the interest was showing different camera angles to usher a new way of seeing. Proletariat workers as hero subjects.

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Victor Casasola

Mexican

Zapatista

1914

*Peasant Revolution occurring in Mexico during this time. Position of photo = holding a gun as his tool instead of his farmers tools // looking out the window to show peasants are looking out and fighting for a better future.

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Alfred Stieglitz

Euro-American

Equivalent

1925

*Display of Theory of Equivalence. Represent emotion and spirituality through symbolic expression.

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Ansel Adams

Euro-Americans

Moonrise over Hernandez, NM

1941

*Part of F-64 Group. Zone system

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Andy Warhol

Euro American

Marilyn

1964

*Popular postmodernism type of art. Appealed to mass produced images in the 50s/60s. Celebrated mass consumerism and critiqued it, cult of celebrities, imagery that wasn't a result of direct optical or chemical processes.

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Ann Noggle

Euro American

Face Life #3

1975

*Realist feminist photographic production, based on the premise that that camera can express authentic social and psychological truths. Woman got a facelift & it shows physical and emotional influences the society put on her.

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Lorna Simpson

African American

Five Day Forecast

1991

*Expression of female and racial identity and how they are culturally produced. Not being able to stereo type, descriptive wording.

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Man Ray

Euro American

Return to Reason

1923

*Female body and the irrational/emotional. Leading male mind into dreams and madness.

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Hans Bellmer

German

The Doll

1936

*Use of female body fragments. Drew from childhood experiences that destroy what we're familiar with.

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Man Ray

Euro American

Noire et Blanche

1926

*Women as objects. Positive and negative side by side. Racial.

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Hoboken

New Jersey

Parade

1955

*Asymmetric lines and form. Contrast of flag lines and brick lines. Flag as icon. Beat Generation.

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Lee Friedlander

Newark

New Jersey

1962

*Patriotism in time of consumerism. Beat Generation:misnomers, consumerism, icons.

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Diane Arbus

Boy with Straw Hate and Flag, NYC

1967

*Promoting war, pro-was tendencies, Beat Generation, focus on misfits, boy trying to fit in using war-irony.

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Anthoney Aziz

US

Chris

1994

*Senses stripped away. Pessimistic view on future photography//loss of individuality.

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Pedro Meyer

Mexican

The Temptation of the Angel

1991

*New manipulation of photos, digital blurring, fabricate new realities, etc. what is really real?

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Rosalie Favel

Metis

I Awoke to Find My Spirit Had Returned

1999

*Lesbo, digitial age being liminal (in-b/n space, empowering, identities and cultural productions mingle). Investigation of identity.

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Erich Salomon

German

French Statesmen Visit Berlin for the First Time Since World WarI

1931

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Rober Capa

Hungarian

Moment of Death, Spain

1936

*Shock factor brought into both art and photography that had been slowly developing over the decades.

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Weegee

Euro American

Drink Coca Cola

1940

*Ugly truth of crime and city life. Commentary comparing the reality of society to the obsessive commercialization and propaganda evolving in that time period.

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Ila-Orangun Studio

Yoruba

Portraits of Men

1975

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Unknown photog

Portraits of Types of American Negroes

1900

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James Van Der Zee

African American

Man & Woman in Raccoon Coats

1932