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50 Cards in this Set
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The Tetrarchs
Rome c. 300 CE. Porphyry Purple of stone - royalty Broadcasts who people are Warm and approachable Roman Clasp of Friendship - Working as Unit All same size and wear traditional Roman armor, cloaks and swords (pommel [hand grasp of sword] is head of eagle) Faces same |
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Surviving Fragments from Statue of Constantine the Great Rome, Marble, c. 313 CE Broken apart and the gold was melted Highly naturalistic Constantine Highly supported Christianity |
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Arch of Constantine Rome, Marble, 312-315 CE For Victory over Tetrarchs 4 Column Flank opening Writing/ Plaque Barrel Vault 2 Extra Arches (Expanded laterally) Decorative Different art for different emporers Sculptures raided and used Saying he is as great as past amazing rulers like the greats |
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Basillica at Trier Germany, 4th Century CE Still Standing Was Visited by Constantine Made of Brick Illuminated by large double tiers of windows Where you could air disputes and they could be decided |
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Apse and Nave /-\
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The Good Shepherd Asia Minor probably Central Turkey, Early Christian, c. 250-300 Carrying Sheep Established Tradition of man carrying ram to sacrifice Believed to be depiction of the Good Shepherd that Jesus teaches about in parables Shepherd leaves flock to find one lost sheep and bring it home Jesus will find lost soul and bring them home Preferred look of Jesus in early christianity |
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Synagogue, Moses and the Exodus Dura Europas (Syria) 244 Painting of red sea and freeing of slaves (jews) Heiratic Scale (Mosses biggest then Aaron) Jesus not included Egyptian soldiers dressed as Roman Soldiers (enemies) No real sequence Moses and Aaron wearing togas (Moses is law giver) Updated and Relevant Within next two years attacked by Romans |
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Old St. Peter's Basilica Rome, Began in 333 CE by Constantine Built over grave of St Peter Follows Form of Basilica (Tau Cross Shape [T]) c 320-27 Had nave and apse and two side isles on each side (cross arm added) People could wave cross and touch St. Peters Grave Celebrate bday of dead would have picnics and get drunk in the church Transepts allow people to enter from sides Adapting roman Iconography to Christian Ideas |
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Basilica Chosen because it is a place of justice No negative connotations Death avoided but church built over grave (separates Christianity and other relations) Christianity - no negative relations with death Transepts for pilgrims to enter without dealing with people eating and drinking Ancient Roman Columns and Capitals Proclaim ascending of Christianity Rebuilt in 1500s |
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Basilica of San Apollinare in Classe Outside Ravenna, Consecrated in 549 No Transept |
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The Transfiguration and St. Apollinaris
6th Century Mosaic Christians first to put it on wall and ceiling Proclaim tenants of Christianity Looks the same as it did in the 6th century St. Apollinare Hands in prayer Clothing Halo = Holy Sheep on both sides (lamb like) 12 for 12 disciples Cross etc on top Symbolic for transfig in bible Jesus proclaimed to be Gods son 3 disciples witness (sheep look up) Jesus face in center of cross Elijah and moses on sides of cross Hand in gold (God) Direct line God->Cross->St. Apollinares |
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The Emperor Victorious Constantinople, Ivory, 6th Century CE Called the Baberini Piptych 5 panels put together one lost Center in emperor in armor same as Agusts Emphasizes he is emperor like agustus Brings peace and prosperity and unites empire Under Horse - mother earth idea of bounty/ pleanty to eat mother earth - holding justinians foot - support nike - victory german saying Justinian is bigger than him through hand motions Bottom animals brought before emperor (bounty) Angels at top w/Jesus in center - hand blessing gesture, holding cross as scepter - ruler of universe extraordinary carving prob gift |
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Anthemuius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus Hagia Sophia Constantinople, 532-537 Purpose - seat of bishop Cathedral - nothing to do with size; everything to do with the seat of throne location towers / minarets - islamic - added when turks converted it to mosque |
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dome now museum - built with pantheon in mind big rectangle 1st square with dome ontop Pendentives - folded triangles; open to hold dome No oculus - windows all around base; dome "floats" Arabic added when transformed to mosque women watch from galleries men participates from floor Capitals highly stylized basket capitals - flat stylized |
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Church of San Vitale - Empress Theodora and Her Attendants Ravenna, c 547 Mosaic Most spelendind crown purple cloak - wisemen on cloake bringing chalice for altar - wine to share bodyguards holding curtain to allow them entry to gallery |
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Church of San Vitale - Emperor Justinian with attendants and archbishop Maximianus Ravenna, c 547, mosaic With bodyguards and soldiers Soldiers with chi rho like constantine Clergy - bishop holding cross others hold gospels and sensor Justinian holding breadplate surrounded by soldiers and clergy emperor and empress there in spirit Everything watched over by God Portraits seem real |
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Rebecca at the Well Syria or Palestine, Early 6th Century, Tempera gold and silver paint on purple-dyed vellum From the book of Genesis Known as the Vienna Genesis Large scale book Purple dye comes from sea snails Book - luxury item purple pages - royalty Story of looking for Isaac (Abrahams son) Modestly dressed woman - Rebecca Other personification of spring |
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Page with St Matthew the Evangelist Germany, early 9th Century, ink and colors on vellum Wearing toga - writing down word/laws of God Signal of what hes doing |
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The Washington Haggadah Joel ben Simeon Washington, 1478, parchment paint and gold leaf Hebrew order of Passover Picture of burning everything cleaned out of house Parchment - stretched and treated animal skin Vellum - high quality parchment - usually fro a calf or land |
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Crucifixion - Lindau Gospels Cover c. 870-880, Gold pearls sapphires garnets and emeralds On wood Christ Alive Triumph over death Figure of Christ formed from back Angels on all 4 corners - some without wings Blood dripping from hands in shapes of grapes |
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Bronze Doors made by Bishop Bernward for the Abby Church of St Michael Hildesheim, Germany, 1015, Bronze 1st full scale bronze doors cast in Europe since pantheon New kind of narrrative - typology |
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parallels Comparison of themes horizontally |
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The Temptation of Adam and Eve The Crucifixion of Jesus Tree of life Christ on Tree - Apple/ Fruit tree |
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God Rebukes Adam and Eve Pilate Washes his Hands Passing responsibility |
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God Rebukes Adam and Eve Adam and Eve covering themselves out of shame God rebuking for eating apple |
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Bayeux Embroidery wool on linen, Southern England, c. 1073-83 Actually Embroidered Made by English Women Tells story of battle over succession Opening Scene - Saxons have mustache and mullet Normans have controlled hair Harold Holding Falcons - only high up people hunt with falcons - both men and women Harold sails to normandy Esops fable under this of the fox and the crow - dont be susceptible to flattery William prepares invasion 8 pieces of linen 270 ft long; 23 feet missing hints at relationship between Normans and the English - 230 ft. long - integrated narrative and ornament- two border strips frame the main frieze- some images are decorative and others offer commentary on the continuos narrative - presents a vivd and detailed account of warfare int he eleventh century - soldier who has fallen from the horse with its hind legs in the air is toppling his foe by yanking at the saddle girth |
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Harold is shown killed with arrow in eye through helmet slot Harold (Anglo Saxon) killed by William (Norman) because he stole the crown from him Arrow penetrated through protective areas of helmet Normans prevail, Embroidery ends, Most likely not end of embroidery, believed end is William on the throne |
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The Abbey Church of St. Foy at Conques France, First Quarter of 12th Century Shape of latin cross Originally part of monestary for Hermit Dadon Needed way to get people to come, stole reliquary of St. Foy pilgrim church: christian basilica, latin cross, nave, side aisles, protruding transept, continuous side aisles, ambulatory around apse, radiating chapels, narthex with 2 towers, sculptural decoration of west portal (last judgement(- towers showed the way to pilgrims and asserted buildings monumentality - church embedded in a valley of mountains, secluded area- houses Female child martyr, important relic |
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floor plan |
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The West Facade of the Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy Typanum w/The last judgement |
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Romanesque church portal |
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Tympanum with the Last Judgement Tells story Blessed on right hand up Cursed on left hand down Dividing line - door to heaven and hell Christ is shown during the Second Coming, when he returns to earth after the end of days • Biblical story of new testament- described in book of revelation- In order to judge the mortals as saved or damned • To Christ's right (our left), he raises his hand is a gesture of blessing, and other hand a downward facing gesture towards hell• Tempeneh organized- lunette above lintel o Divided into horizontal bands (registers)o Symmetry o Saints, churchmen, angels, figures framed by arches indicating that they are in the house of god o Details of Satan pushing the condemned into the mouth of hell o Reminder of human's mortality, passage of time, and our life on earth and eternal question of where are we going |
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Interior Nave of Sainte-Foy looking towards the choir Typical Romanesque church - barrel vaulted ceiling- repeating shapes- gallery- covered walkway that forms a second story above the aisles and below the claristory - light enters the nave mainly through side aisles and gallery- nave is relatively low, emphasizing verticality and impression of great height- simple decoration based upon geometric shapes |
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Reliquary Statue of St Foy France, Late 9th to first half of 10th century, gold and gemstones over a wooden core contains skull of of St Foy Pilgrams came to see Can work on behalf of you |
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Virgin and Child in Majesty
1150-1200, French (Auuvergne), Walnut with paint gesso and linen Mary appears as throne of wisdom, Jesus' wisdom in big head on small body, would have held a bible, RELIQUARY, sit emotionless, wooden sculpture was brilliantly painted |
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Gothic vs Romanesque Art
The vast majority of Romanesque art was designed for the Western Church -- the Roman Catholic Church. Because of this, the themes were Christian in nature, depicting Jesus, Mary, the apostles and other events from the Bible. Painters often sized the figures in their paintings relative to their importance; for instance, they painted Jesus larger than less important characters. The colors they chose were often muted. Painters reserved brighter, more vivid colors for illuminated manuscripts and windows. Sculptors created works that were representative rather than strictly realistic. Christian themes remained central to Gothic art, although depiction of mythological scenes and animals became more common. The largest difference between Romanesque art and Gothic art was that realism became more important in Gothic art. Artists used brighter colors, along with more light and shadows, in their paintings. They began to use perspective, proportion and symmetry, which made the scenes more realistic. Other forms of Gothic art were sculpture, metalwork, stained glass, embroidery, frescoes and illuminated manuscripts. |
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Cathedral of Notre Dame at Chartes
France, c 1140-c. 1225 The West Facade Royal portal rebuilt w/in span of 30 years after fire Compsed of 2 towers and 3 doors with corresponding windows Rose Windows two west towers are not identical (spires are very different) - Left tower added later It is divided into units of two and three; the construction never finished; The left toward was built 300 years after the right tower; Christ is located in the center of each tympanum. |
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The Royal Portal France, c. 1150 limestone Clear Demarcation between them Center only for bishop w/exception of being able to exit after being married naturalism appears in reaction against aspects of Romanesque art - jamb figures are statues in themselves (revolutionary importance)- form a continuous sequence linking all three portals - represent the prophets, kings and queens of Hebrew Bible-purpose is to acclaim the rulers of france as their spiritual descendants and to stress the harmony of spiritual and secular rule of priests and kings |
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The Virgin Enthroned .The right portal is dedicated to the Incarnation (God's first earthly appearance), highlighting the role of Mary in the early life of Christ, from the Annunciation to the Presentation in the Temple |
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Romanesque vs Gothic rebuilding of cathedral after fire of 1194 marks the next step in the development of Gothic architecture - wide aisle running the length of the nave and around the transept which is joined at the choir by a second aisle, forming an ambulatory that connects the apsidal chapels - nave is first fully developed example of mature Gothic - quadripartite vaults cover rectangular bays so the builders no longer needed to worry about an alternating system of supports - openings of pointed nave arcade are taller and narrower - vast interior space lacks clear boundaries |
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floor plan |
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barrel and rib vaulting Cross 2 barrel vault and elongate Ribs channel preassure from walls to pillars Dont need walls for support |
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buttresses prop up building Support Walls Drawing with masonry Both wall and flying types |
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Notre-Dame de la Belle Verriere beginning of the Ambulatory, c. 1180 Our lady of the beautiful Window"- hundreds of small pieces of tinted glass held together by strips of lead - assembled like a mosaic - conveys spiritual messages -system of geometric relationships to establish numerical harmony Saved after fire |
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Angel from the Incarnation Window of West Facade c. 1150 Stained Glass blue colored with cobalt and very thick glass |
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Good Samaritan Window, nave, c. 1205 -long-gothic art Stained and painted glass. c.1200-1210. elaborate scenes. Learned allegory on sin and salvation also typifies the complexity of Gothic narrative art. Good Samaritan story and representation of Christ rescuing humanity from sin. Figures take dancelike postures that will come to characterize Gothic figures |
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window 180 original stained glass windows - sensation of ethereal light dissolves the physical solidity of the church - "miraculous light" creates the mystical experience that lies at the heart of Gothic spirituality |
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window Good Samaritan saves injured traveller while a priest and a Levite ignore him. Takes to inn for sanctuaryrepresents Christ saving us from our sin- found in Good Samaritan Window Cathedral of Notre Dame, Chartres, France c. 1200-1210 |
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FAVORITE ARTWORK AND WHY |
The Pantheon First use of concrete on a large scale Revolutionary circle of Dome on Cone Perfect Circle Dome - had to have decorative coffers to lessen weight Oculus - link heaven and earth and natural lighting within pantheon |
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CROSSES |
T - Tau t - Latin + - Greek |
