Art Ncert Xi

Front 1

Prehistory

Back 1

Distant undocumented past with no language or written word

Front 2

Palaeolithic Age

Back 2

Old Stone Age

Front 3

Archibold Carlleyle, 1867

Back 3

First rock paintings in India discovered by ___ in ___

Front 4

Madhya Pradesh, Vindhya, VS Wakankar, 1957

Back 4

Bhimbetka located in ____ in ____ hills, discovered by ___ in ___

Front 5

Green, Red

Back 5

Upper Palaeolithic paintings - dancers are ___ colored and hunters are ___ colored

Front 6

Haematite / geru

Back 6

Red color in prehistoric times from

Front 7

Chalcedony / green stone

Back 7

Green color in prehistoric times from

Front 8

Limestone

Back 8

White color in prehistoric times from ___

Front 9

Harappa in north, Mohenjodaro in south

Back 9

IVC sites in Pakistan

Front 10

Lothal, Dholavira

Back 10

IVC sites in Gujarat

Front 11

Rakhigarhi

Back 11

IVC site in Haryana

Front 12

Ropar

Back 12

IVC site in Punjab

Front 13

Kalibangan, Balathal

Back 13

IVC sites in Rajasthan

Front 14

Mohenjodaro

Back 14

Red sandstone male torso, bearded priest in staetite found in ____

Front 15

Lost wax technique of bronze casting or cire perdu

Back 15

Wax figured covered with clay which is allowed to dry, wax heated and drained out and clay mould filled with molten metal

Front 16

Daimabad

Back 16

IVC site in Maharashtra

Front 17

Seals

Back 17

____ were made of steatite, agate, chert, copper, faience, terracotta with animal figures

Front 18

Amulets

Back 18

Seals were used as ____

Front 19

Standard Harappan seal

Back 19

2x2 sq inch plaque made from soft river stone steatite, pictographic script

Front 20

Pashupati seal

Back 20

Seal of human figure with elephant and tiger to its right, rhinoceros and Buffalo to its left, two antelopes below the seat

Front 21

Black and Red Ware

Back 21

IVC pottery type

Front 22

Perforated pottery

Back 22

Pots with large hole at bottom and small holes all over the wall used for straining liquor

Front 23

Necklaces, fillets, armlets, finger rings

Back 23

Ornaments worn by IVC people

Front 24

Girdle, earring, anklet

Back 24

Ornaments worn only by women of IVC

Front 25

Cotton, wool

Back 25

Clothes of IVC made of ____ & ____

Front 26

Cinnabar

Back 26

Cosmetic and face paint of IVC

Front 27

Collyrium

Back 27

Eyeliner of IVC people

Front 28

Bronze, mohejodaro

Back 28

Dancing girl statue made of ____ and found in ____

Front 29

Bronze, mohenjodaro

Back 29

Bull statue made from ___ found from ____

Front 30

Terracotta

Back 30

Mother goddess statue made of ____

Front 31

Shraman

Back 31

Buddhism and Jainism part of ____ tradition

Front 32

Varna, jati

Back 32

Buddhism and Jainism opposed ____ & ____ system of Hindu religion

Front 33

Yaksha

Back 33

____ worship was assimilated within Buddhism and Jainism

Front 34

Pillars

Back 34

____ were constructed in both Mauryan & Achamenian empires

Front 35

Mauryan Pillars

Back 35

Rock cut carved with capital figures of animals on an abacus decorated with stylised lotuses

Front 36

Sarnath, Varanasi

Back 36

Mauryan pillar capital / Lion capital

Front 37

Horse, bull, lion, elephant

Back 37

Animals on Sarnath Pillar

Front 38

Dhammachakrapravartana / first sermon by Buddha

Back 38

Sarnath pillar symbolizes

Front 39

Didarganj, Patna, Chauri / flywhisk, sandstone

Back 39

Yakshini figure is located in ____ holding ____ in its right hand is made of ____

Front 40

Dhauli, Orissa

Back 40

Rock cut elephant location

Front 41

Lomus Rishi cave

Back 41

Rock cut cave at Barabar hills, Gaya, Bihar with semicircular chaitya arch entrance

Front 42

Ashoka, Ajivika sect

Back 42

Lomus Rishi cave patronized by ____ for ____

Front 43

Stupa

Back 43

Building constructed over relics of Buddha

Front 44

Stupa locations

Back 44

Rajagraha, Vaishali, Kapilavastu, Allakappa, Ramagrama, Vethadipa, Pava, Kushinagar, Pippalvina

References to Avanti, Gandhara also

Front 45

Bairat

Back 45

Stupa in Rajasthan located at ____

Front 46

Uttarakhand, Suyal

Back 46

Lakhudiyar caves located in ____ on banks of river ____

Front 47

Artisans of stupas

Back 47

Kanha at Pitalkhora, his disciple Balaka at Kondane caves

Front 48

Anda, harmika, chhatra, gateways, circumambulatory path, toran

Back 48

Stupa consists of

Front 49

Mahaparinibbana

Back 49

Death of Buddha

Front 50

Jataka stories

Back 50

Previous lives of Buddha as animals

Front 51

Jataka forms of Buddha

Back 51

Chhadanta, Vidurpundita, Ruru, Sibi, Vessantara, Shama, Mahajanaka

Front 52

Ruru Jataka

Back 52

Man being rescued by Boddhisattva deer. Man disclosed identity to king.

Front 53

Sarnath pillar

Back 53

Built by Ashoka, consists of shaft, lotus bell base, drum with bull, horse, elephant, lion in clockwise direction, four lions, broken Dharmachakra wheel

Front 54

Bharhut sculptures, Madhya Pradesh

Back 54

Post Mauryan sculptures, tall, low relief, three dimensional, linear, main events displayed, space utilization, stiff, pictorial language, knotted head gear of males, symbolic Buddha

Front 55

Sanchi stupa, MP

Back 55

Sculptures progressed from Bharhut, high relief, natural posture, no stiffness, elaborate narration, advanced carving, symbolic Buddha

Front 56

Manushi Buddhas, 24, Dipankar, six

Back 56

Past Buddhas which are ____ in number of which the first ____ and last ____ are pictorially represented

Front 57

Pradakshinapatha

Back 57

Circumambulatory path

Front 58

Torana

Back 58

Gateways to stupa

Front 59

Anda

Back 59

Main hemisphere of stupa

Front 60

Harmika

Back 60

Boundary covering top of stupa

Front 61

Chhatra

Back 61

Located on top of Stupa

Front 62

Medhi

Back 62

Middle area between two circumambulatory paths

Front 63

Vedika

Back 63

Outer boundary of stupa

Front 64

Gandhara, Mathura, Vengi

Back 64

Human form of Buddha locations

Front 65

Gandhara, Hellenistic

Back 65

Sculptures were confluence of Bactria, Parthia, local traditions in ____ school with ____ features

Front 66

Mathura

Back 66

Vishnu and Shiva also represented at ____ via ayudhas / weapons, lingas, mukhalingas

Front 67

Mathura school

Back 67

Fleshy (later reduced), round features, clothing integrated into sculptures, folds of drapery (transparent), ornamentation of halo, sensual

Front 68

Sarnath school

Back 68

Plain transparent drapery covering Buddha, little ornamentation of halo

Front 69

Three

Back 69

Number of types of shrines in post mauryan temples

Front 70

Sandhara

Back 70

Temple without pradakshinapath

Front 71

Nirandhara

Back 71

Temple with pradakshinapath

Front 72

Sarvatobhadra

Back 72

Temple which can be accessed from all sides

Front 73

Amravati

Back 73

Mahachaitya in south India

Front 74

South Indian Vengi Buddhist sculptures

Back 74

Sculptures with intense emotion, slender, tribhanga / three bents, flexible, dynamic, complex overlapping, 3D

Front 75

Sannati

Back 75

Largest stupa site in Karnataka

Front 76

Guntapalle

Back 76

Rock cut cave site near Eluru with small apsidal and circular chaitya halls

Front 77

Ankapalle

Back 77

Biggest rock cut stupas, cave site near Vishakhapatnam

Front 78

Boddhisattva

Back 78

Avalokiteshvara, Padmapani, Vajrapani, Amitabha, Maitreya Buddha

Front 79

Vajrayana

Back 79

Boddhisattva images personifying representations of certain virtues or qualities in ____ Buddhism

Front 80

Ajanta, Pitalkhora, Bhaja

Back 80

Caves with apsidal vault roof chaitya halls located at ____

Front 81

Thana-Nadsur

Back 81

Caves with apsidal vault roof pillarless hall located at ____

Front 82

Kondivite

Back 82

Caves with flat rooted quadrangular hall with a circular chamber at the back located at ____

Front 83

Karla

Back 83

Biggest rock cut chaitya hall

Front 84

Vihara

Back 84

Residence of monks. Vernada, halls and cells around the halls. Ajanta 12, Bedsa 11, Nashik 3, 10, 17

Front 85

Junnar

Back 85

Largest cave excavations in Western India. Ganeshleni cave.

Front 86

Theravada

Back 86

Orthodox faith of Buddhism

Front 87

Ajanta

Back 87

29 caves in Aurangabad of which 4 chaitya caves. Paintings. Elaborate carving. Multicolored skin in paintings. No exaggeration. Simple and natural paintings.

Front 88

Patrons of ajanta caves

Back 88

Varahadeva, PM of Vakataka king Harishena; local king Upendragupta; Buddhabhadra, Mathuradasa

Front 89

Chaddanta Jataka

Back 89

Boddhisattva elephant removes his own tusk and gives it to hunter, Sonuttar

Front 90

Cave No 1

Back 90

Padmapani, Vajrapani painting in ____ at ajanta

Front 91

Ellora

Back 91

32 Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jain caves in Aurangabad. 12 Buddhist caves. Confluence of many styles / stylistic eclecticism. Buddhist caves are double / triple storeyed while Brahmanical caves are mainly single storeyed. Jain caves are decorated profusely.

Front 92

Ellora Shaivism

Back 92

Ravana shaking mount Kailash, Andhakasurvadha, Kalyansundara

Front 93

Ellora Vajrayana Buddhism

Back 93

Tara, Avalokiteshwara, Manushi Buddhas, Vairochna, Akshobhya, Ratnasambhava, Amitabha, Amoghsiddhi, Vajrasatva, Vajraraja

Front 94

Kailash leni

Back 94

Cave 16 of Ellora, temple made from single rock

Front 95

Elephanta caves, Mumbai

Back 95

Originally Buddhist caves, later Shaivite

Front 96

Cave No 16, Ellora

Back 96

Gajasur Shiva

Front 97

Bagh, Indore

Back 97

Cave site in MP

Front 98

Udaigiri Khandagiri caves

Back 98

Caves in Eastern India, Odisha, patroned by Kharavela kings for Jain monks

Front 99

Sanchi stupa

Back 99

Stupa 1 has Buddha relics, Stupa 2 has relics of ten famous arhats, Stupa 3 had relics of Sariputta, Mahamougalayana

Front 100

Shalbhanjika

Back 100

Lady holding branch of a tree, guardian images on pillars of stupas

Front 101

Seated Buddha, Katra Mound, Mathura

Back 101

Buddha sitting in padmasana with abhaymudra hand flanked by Padmapani and Vajrapani, vertical ushanisha/hair knot with sanghati/garment covering one shoulder. Kushana period.

Front 102

Buddha head, Taxila, Pakistan

Back 102

Buddhist sculpture of Kushana period. Greco Roman elements. Hellenistic sculpture. Gandhara school. Protruding eyeballs. Half closed eyes. Expressive, calm. Assimilating Acamenian, Parthian, Bactrian traits.

Front 103

Seated Buddha, Sarnath

Back 103

Buddhist sculpture in padmasana made of Chunar sandstone representing dhammachakrapravartana. Plain Halo, drapery is part of body. Deers beneath his throne.

Front 104

Padmapani Boddhisattva

Back 104

Boddhisattva holding lotus in right hand wearing crown in ajanta cave no 1

Front 105

Vajrapani Boddhisattva

Back 105

Boddhisattva holding vajra in right hand wearing crown in ajanta cave no 1

Front 106

Mara Vijaya

Back 106

Ajanta Cave 26. Sculpture showing Buddha surrounded my Mara's army and his daughter. Mara represents desire.

Front 107

Maheshmurti

Back 107

Elephanta cave. Sculpture with three faces showing Shiva, Bhairava, Uma. On south wall with Ardhanarishwara and Gangadhara panel.

Front 108

Badami

Back 108

Mural paintings in Capital of Western Chalukyan dynasty under king Mangalesha (s/o Pulakesi I, b/o Kirtivarman I). Scenes of king, Vishnu Cave.

Front 109

Pallava kings

Back 109

Mural paintings by Mahendravarman I (vichitrachitta/chitrakarapuli/chatyakari), Rajsimha at Panamalai, Mandagapattu, Kanchipuram

Front 110

Pandyas

Back 110

Mural paintings at Tirumalaipuram caves, Jaina caves at Sittanvasal by ____

Front 111

Cholas

Back 111

Paintings at Nartamalai, Brihadeswara temple at Thanjavur, Gangaikondacholapuram and Darasuram temples by Rajaraja Chola and Rajendra Chola. Depicts Shiva, king, mentor Kuruvar.

Front 112

Vijaynagara Murals

Back 112

Paintings on ceiling of Virupaksha temple, Hampi showing Vidyaranya (spiritual teacher of Bukkaraya Harsha), Vishnu at Virbhadra Temple, Lepakshi. Pictorial language

Front 113

Nayaka school

Back 113

School in which faces shown in profile and figures and objects in 2D, lines still but fluid. Flat background. Less heavy abdomen of male figures. Can be seen at Thiruparakunram, Sreerangam, Tiruvarur. Paintings of Mahavira, Mahabharata, Ramayana, Krishna Leela. Extension of Vijaynagar style. Eg - Nataraja at Tiruvalanjuli, Sri Krishna Temple at Chengam, Muchukunda at Tiruvarur, Bhikshatana murti and mohini at Chidambaram

Front 114

Kerala murals

Back 114

Language evolved from contemporary traditions of Kathakali and kalam ezhuthu using vibrant colors. 3D human figures. Dutch palace at Kochi, Krishnapuram palace in Kayamkulam, Padmanabhapuram palace, Pundareekapuram Krishna temple, Panayanarkavu, Thirukodithanam, Triprayar Sri Ram temple, Trissur Vadakkunathan temple.

Front 115

Pithoro

Back 115

Murals of Gujarat and Rajasthan

Front 116

Mithila painting

Back 116

Mural painting of Bihar

Front 117

Warli

Back 117

Mural paintings of Maharashtra

Front 118

Garbhagriha

Back 118

Cave like sanctum in temple which houses the main icon

Front 119

Mandapa

Back 119

Entrance to temple in the form of portico or colonnaded hall

Front 120

Shikhar

Back 120

Curving mountain like spire on temples in north India

Front 121

Vimana

Back 121

Mountain like spire on temples in form of pyramidal tower south India

Front 122

Vahan

Back 122

Mount or vehicle of temple's main deity placed axially before the sanctum

Front 123

Dhvaj

Back 123

Standard pillar placed axially before the sanctum

Front 124

Nagara

Back 124

Temple architecture style of north India

Front 125

Dravida

Back 125

Temple architecture style of south India

Front 126

Vesar

Back 126

Temple architecture style created through selective mixing or dravida and nagara orders

Front 127

Iconography

Back 127

Study and identification of images based on symbols and mythology

Front 128

Icons/deities placed as guards in temple entrances

Back 128

River goddesses, dvarapalas, mithuna/erotic images, navagraha, yakshas, ashtadikpalas /deities of directions

Front 129

Ornamentation of temples

Back 129

Gavaksha, vyala/yali, kalpalata, amalaka, kalasha

Front 130

Latina or rekhaprasada type

Back 130

Simple shikhara square at base and walls curving inwards to a point on top

Front 131

Phamsana

Back 131

Broader and shorter shikhara, roofs slope upwards on a straight incline

Front 132

Valabhi or wagon vaulted buildings

Back 132

Rectangular buildings with roof rising into vaulted chamber whose edge is rounded

Front 133

Udaigiri, Sanchi

Back 133

Ancient sandstone Gupta temples located at

Front 134

Dashavtara Vishnu temple, Deogarh, UP

Back 134

Late Gupta period west facing temple

Front 135

Panchayatana style

Back 135

Main shrine built on rectangular plinth with four smaller subsidiary shrines at four corners

Front 136

Sheshashayana

Back 136

Form of Vishnu reclining on seshanaga called Ananta

Front 137

Nara Narayana

Back 137

Discussion between human soul and eternal divine depicted by

Front 138

Gajendramoksha

Back 138

Story of achieving moksha, Vishnu suppressing elephant asura

Front 139

Kahajuraho temples

Back 139

Lakshmana temple of Vishnu built by Chandella king Dhanga (completed by Yashovarman) with amalak and kalash and projecting balconies, erotic sculptures. Panchayana type of which one surya and 4 Vishnu. Chaturmukha vishnu in garbhagriha. Kandariya Mahadeo temple of Lord Shiva. Jain temples. Chausanth Yogini temple which has small shrines dedicated to esoteric devis or goddesses associated with Tantric worship.

Front 140

Samlaji, Gujarat

Back 140

Temple in west India made of grey schist

Front 141

Sun temple, Modhera

Back 141

Temple made by Raja Bhimdev I of Solanki Dynasty. Also a rectangular stepped tank called suryakund with 108 miniature shrines. Sabha mandapa open from all sides. Wood carving. Sun shines directly into central shrine at equinoxes.

Front 142

Ahom style

Back 142

Temple style of Assam formed due to migration of Tais from Burma mixed with Pala style of Bengal. Eg - Kamakhya temple shaktipeeth.

Front 143

Pala style

Back 143

Temple style of Bengal by Sena kings who also built local Buddhist monastries. Temples depict local Vanga style. Bangla roof adopted by Mughals (curving sloping bamboo roof of a Bengali hut) Eg - Siddheshvara Mahadeva Temple, Burdwan

Front 144

Terracotta temples

Back 144

Bishnupur temples

Front 145

Deul

Back 145

Shikhara called ____ in Odisha. It is vertical until top where it suddenly curves sharply inwards.

Front 146

Jagmohana

Back 146

Mandapa called ____ in Odisha

Front 147

Mastaka

Back 147

Circular super structure on top of temple in Odisha

Front 148

Orissa school

Back 148

Temple style with almost cylindrical spire, bare interiors, heavily decorated exteriors, square ground plan. Have boundary walls. Eg - Sun temple, Konark

Front 149

Three orders of Odisha school

Back 149

Rekhapida, pidhadeul, khakra

Front 150

Hilly Nagara style

Back 150

Wooden buildings with pitched roofs. Karkota period. King meruvarman. Shrine built in middle of water tank. Mixture of Buddhism and Hinduism. Moderate ornamentation. Alloy of zinc and copper used. Pandrethan temples, Laksna devi mandir Chamba (Mahishasurmardini, Narsimha), Jaheshwar and Champavat in Kumaon.

Front 151

Dravida temple style

Back 151

Enclosed within a compound wall.

Front 152

Gopuram

Back 152

Entrance in front wall for dravidan temples. Large water tanks in temple compound. Subsidiary shrines. Newer boundary walls in concentric circles. Eg - Srirangam temple Tiruchirapally, kanchipuram, Thanjavur, Madurai, Kumbakonam

Front 153

Shikhara

Back 153

Crowning element at top of dravidan style temple shaped like small stupika or octagonal cupola

Front 154

5

Back 154

Sub divisions of dravidan temples

Front 155

Kuta or caturasra

Back 155

Square shaped dravidan temple

Front 156

Shala or ayatasra

Back 156

Rectangular dravidan temples

Front 157

Gaja prishta or elephant backed or vrittayata

Back 157

Dravidan temple with wagon vaulted shapes of apsidal chaityas with horse shoe shaped entrance facade called nasi

Front 158

Vritta

Back 158

Circular dravidan temple

Front 159

Ashtasra

Back 159

Octagonal dravidan temple

Front 160

Pallava kings

Back 160

Mahendravarman I, Narsimhavarman I or Mamalla

Front 161

Pallava, Narsimhavarman I

Back 161

Mahabalipuram also known as Mamallapuram after ____ king ____

Front 162

Narsimhavarman II or Rajsimha

Back 162

Shore temple at mahabalipuram built by ___. Houses three shrines of Shiva (2) and Vishnu (1). Depiction of Kiratarjuniya or Arjuna's penance by Bhairvi or descent of ganga by Bhagirath. Prashsti tableaux

Front 163

Vishnu

Back 163

Anantashayana

Front 164

Rajarajeswara or Brihadiswara temple

Back 164

Shiva temple at Thanjavur by Rajaraja Chola in 1009. 216 ft vimana topped by monolithic shikhara. Two large gopuras.

Front 165

Rashtrakuta

Back 165

Kailashnath temple at ellora built by ___. Complete dravidan style. Monolithic hill

Front 166

Western Chalukyan dynasty

Back 166

Pulakesin I at Badami

Front 167

Chalukyan hybrid temple style

Back 167

Ravana Phadi cave, Aihole - Nataraja surrounded by saptamatrikas (3 to left, 4 to right), Virupaksh temple Pattadakal by Loka Mahadevi (w/o Vikramaditya II), Mahakuta temple, Swarga Brahma temple at Alampur, Durga temple at Aihole, Lad Khan temple at Aihole

Front 168

Hoysalas at Mysore

Back 168

Temples at Belur, Halebid, Somnathpuram. Star shaped plan of temple called stellate plan. Made of soap stone. Intricate carving. Eg - Hoysaleshvara temple, Haebid built in dark schist stone dedicated to Nataraja.

Front 169

Pala dynasty

Back 169

Dharampala

Front 170

Ashoka

Back 170

Mahabodhi temple, Bodhgaya shrine established by

Front 171

Nalanda monastic university

Back 171

Mahavihara in Bihar visited by Xuan Zang. All three Buddhist doctrines taught here. Built by Kumaragupta I. Monks came from all over Asia.

Front 172

Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana

Back 172

Three Buddhist doctrines

Front 173

Nalanda school of sculpture

Back 173

Buddhist Sculptures of stucco, stone and bronze developed out of Buddhist Gupta art of Sarnath, local Bihar tradition, central India. Distinctive facial features, body forms and clothing and jewellery. 3D and detailed.

Front 174

Vajrayana deities

Back 174

Vajrasharada, Khasarpana, Avalokiteshvara

Front 175

Nagapattinam

Back 175

Chola Buddhist center of bronze and stone sculptures

Front 176

Sirpur

Back 176

Chattisgarh ancient temples located at ____

Front 177

Shravana Belgola

Back 177

Statue of Gomateshwara, granite statue of Lord Bahubali located at ____. World's tallest monolithic free standing structure. Commissioned by Camundaraya, PM of Ganga kings of mysore

Front 178

Vimal Shah

Back 178

Jain Temples at mount Abu constructed by ___. Simple exterior, marble interior

Front 179

Shatrunjay hills

Back 179

Jain pilgrimage site in Kathiawar, Gujarat

Front 180

Bronze

Back 180

Copper + zinc + tin

Front 181

Adinath or Vrishabhnath

Back 181

Jain Tirthankara with long hair

Front 182

Sanghati

Back 182

Monk's robe

Front 183

Foldless, dropping curves, clings

Back 183

Sarnath style bronzes have ____ drapery while Mathura style bronzes have drapery with ____ while Amravati style keeps Buddha's right hand free so that drapery ____

Front 184

Shasanadevis

Back 184

Consorts of Tirthankaras

Front 185

Chakreshvari

Back 185

Shasanadevi of Adinath

Front 186

Ambika

Back 186

Shasanadevi of Neminath

Front 187

Chaturanana or Vaikuntha Vishnu

Back 187

Four headed Vishnu with Vasudeva as central face and other faces of Narsimha, Varaha

Front 188

Sembiyan Maha Devi

Back 188

Patron of Chola bronzes

Front 189

Ardhaparyanka asana

Back 189

Asana of Shiva with one leg dangling

Front 190

Achamana mudra

Back 190

Gesture of Shiva indicating that he is about to drink poison

Front 191

Kalyanasundara murti

Back 191

Statue of Shiva and Parvati representing Panigrahana (marriage ceremony)

Front 192

Ardhanarisvara murti

Back 192

Half Shiva and half parvati in same body

Front 193

Tirupati

Back 193

Krishnadevaraya and two Queens Tirumalamba and Chinnadevi depicted in portrait sculpture at

Front 194

Gold, silver, Cooper, brass, lead

Back 194

Five metal alloy used for bronze casting includes

Front 195

Apasmara

Back 195

Demon of ignorance or forgetfulness suppressed by Nataraja

Front 196

Bhujangatrasita stance

Back 196

Natraja's stance representing tirobhava or kicking away veil of Maya or illusion form devotee's mind by left leg

Front 197

Indo Saracenic or Indo Islamic architecture

Back 197

Muslim architecture absorbed local traditions and cultures showcasing multiple styles in India. Arabesque, geometrical patterns, calligraphy, flowers, trees, lapis lazuli, relief carving, use of jalis on plaster and stone. Chattris, minarets. Saracenic, Persian, Turkish influences. Techniques of tessellation (mosaic designs) and pietra dura. Reliance on local materials like chunam or limestone plaster or dressed stone, rubble masonry, bricks, poly chrome tiles.

Front 198

Archuate construction

Back 198

Construction in which arches need to be constructed with voussoirs (series of inter locking blocks) and fitted with keystones to support the weight of domes.

Front 199

Imperial, Provincial, Mughal, Deccani

Back 199

Indo Islamic style divided into

Front 200

Gujarat Provincial

Back 200

White marble dargah of Shaikh Ahmad Khattu of Sarkhej is an example of ___ style of Indo Islamic architecture

Front 201

Chittorgarh fort

Back 201

Largest fort in Asia

Front 202

Vijay stambh

Back 202

Victory pillar constructed by Rana Kumbha in Chittorgarh

Front 203

Qutub Minar, Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki

Back 203

234 ft high tapering tower of five storeyes made of red and buff sandstone and marble. Many balconies, located in Delhi is called ____ and is related to ____

Front 204

Chand Minar, Daulatabad

Back 204

210 ft high tapering tower of four storeyes. Peach color, Chevron patterns, bold bands of Quranic verses. Called ____ located at ____

Front 205

Tombs

Back 205

Paradisiacal imagery related to ____

Front 206

Agra

Back 206

Tomb of Itmaduddaula

Front 207

Sarai

Back 207

Temporary accommodation to travellers, pilgrims, merchants, traders. Helped in cross cultural interaction.

Front 208

Mandu

Back 208

Founded by Hoshang Shah, capital of Ghauri dynasty, romance of Sultan Baz Bahadur and Rani Rupmati. Royal Enclave, Hindola Mahal (audience hall, batter used to give impression of swinging walls), Jahaaz Mahal (ship palace between two reservoirs built by Sultan Ghiyasuddin Khilji), Asharfi Mahal (madarsa), Hoshang Shah's tomb, Jama Masjid. Pathan architecture.

Front 209

Taj Mahal

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Laid out in Chahar Bagh, structure placed on northern extreme of bagh, 4 tapering minarets of 132 ft, red sandstone mosque in west. Marble from Makrana mines, Rajasthan. 186 ft tall sides. Octagonal tomb chamber within. Embellishments - stone carving, marble carving, arabesques with pietra dura, geometric designs with tessellation, calligraphy (jasper in white marble)

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Bijapur

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Mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah of Adil Shahi dynasty. Dark grey basalt. Square building with. Hemispherical dome. Arch nest or stellate forms of new vaulting system. Acoustical system, whispering gallery. Seven storeyed minarets surrounding the tomb.

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Jama Masjid

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Congregational prayers every Friday afternoon with minimum 40 male adults. Khutba read in name of ruler and his laws. Qibla Liwan in west (mihrab, mimbar for Imam located here)

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Mihrab

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Indicates direction of Kaaba in Mecca