Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1 high-amplitude sucking paradigm 2 visually reinforced head turn |
methodologies that used infants' reactions to changes in the environment |
|
|
under 1 year of age |
AGE can distinguish sounds that are not in their language |
|
|
4 and 6 months |
AGE epiglottis and vvelum grow further apart |
|
|
1 phonation stage 2 cooing or gooing stage 3 expansion stage 4 canonical or reduplicated babbling 5 variegated or nonreduplicated babbling |
according to OLLER, these are the stages of reflexive vocalizations |
|
|
birth to 1 month |
phonation stage |
|
|
phonation stage (birth - 1 month) |
most vocalizations are reflexive |
|
|
cooing or gooing stage (2-4 mos) |
AGE/ STAGE infant is playing with speech mechanism, exploring their capabilities like squealing |
|
|
canonical/ reduplicated babbling (6-8 mos) |
AGE/ STAGE infant produces strings of syllables in one utterance |
|
|
variegated/ nonreduplicated babbling stage 8 mos to 1 year |
AGE/ STAGE produces adult- like syllables in cv position but with different sounds |
|
|
vowels |
first type of sounds to be acquiired |
|
|
nasals |
among the earliest consonants to be acquired |
|
|
3-4 years |
nasal sounds are mastered between what age |
|
|
/p/ |
earliest stop to be acquired |
|
|
3-4 1/2 years |
age wherein most stops are mastered |
|
|
glides w and y |
mastered earlier than fricatives |
|
|
2 -4 years |
age wherein glides are mastered |
|
|
/f/ |
earliest fricative to be mastered |
|
|
around 3 y.o. |
age wherein /f/ is mastered |
|
|
th, s, sh, z |
fricatives that are mastered last |
|
|
3 - 6 years |
age wherein s, sh, z, and th are mastered |
|
|
speech intelligibility |
perceptual judgement made by a listener; percentage of speech sample a listener understands |
|
|
60-70% |
speech intelligibility by 2 years of age |
|
|
75-80% |
speech intelligibility by 3 years of age |
|
|
90-100% |
speech intelligibility by 4 years of age |
|
|
phonological processes |
simplifications of the adult of model |
|
|
substitution patterns |
group of phonological patterns in which one class of sounds is substituted for another |
|
|
vocalization |
syllables consonant usually liquids turn to a vowel usually o or u |
|
|
gliding |
liquids turn into glides |
|
|
velar fronting |
a velar turns into an alveolar or dental sound; typically observed in the initial sound of the word |
|
|
stopping |
affricate turns into a stop |
|
|
depalatization |
a palatal affricate/ fricative turns into an alveolar affricate/ fricative |
|
|
affrications |
a stop turns into an affricate |
|
|
deaffrication |
an affricate turns into a fricative |
|
|
backing |
a front sound beccomes a back sound |
|
|
glottal replacement |
glottal stop is produced in place of other consonants |
|
|
assimilation patterns |
sounds are changed by the influence of neighboring sounds |
|
|
reduplication |
child repeats a pattern |
|
|
regressive assimilation |
due to the influence of a later occuring sound on an earlier sound |
|
|
progressive assimilation |
earlier occuring sound influences a later occuring sound |
|
|
voicing assimilation |
devoicing or voicing |
|
|
syllable structure patterns |
affect the structure of entire syllables not just certain sounds |
|
|
unstressed or weak syllable deletion |
omission of an unstressed syllable |
|
|
final consonant deletion |
final consonant is omitted |
|
|
epenthesis |
a schwa vowel is inserted between the consonants in an initial cluster |
|
|
consonant cluster simplification or reduction |
a consonant in a cluster are deleted |
|
|
diminutization |
addition of /i/ to the target form |
|
|
metathesis/ spoonerism |
production of sound in a word in reversed order |
