Ardms Abdomen/ Urinary System

Front 1

Arcuate arteries.

Back 1

Located at the base of pyramids, and separate the medulla from cortex.

Front 2

Nephron

Back 2

Functional unit of the kidney.

Front 3

True capsule

Back 3

Covers the kidney cortex

Front 4

Gerota's fascia

Back 4

Covers kidney and perinephric fat.

Front 5

Renal arteries

Back 5

Renal a-> segmental a-> Interlobar a->arcuate a.

Front 6

Von Hippel-Lindau

Back 6

Autosomal-dominant genetic disorder, several areas may be affecter: Retinal angiomas, Cerebellar hemangioblastomas, renal and pancreatic cysts, renal adenoma, renal adenocarcinoma.
Clinical: Flank pai, 3rd-5th decades of life.

Front 7

Tuberous sclerosis

Back 7

Autosomal dominant genetic disorder. Involves several body systems, pt usually presents w/ mental retardation, seizures.
Sono: Multiple cysts or agiomyolipomas.

Front 8

Acquired cystic disease of dialysis

Back 8

Usually occurs in pts on renal dialysis for more than 3 years.
Clinical: flank pain.
Sono: Simple cysts in cortex, atypical because of hemorrhage, Normal or small echogenc kidneys

Front 9

Adult polycystic kidney disease

Back 9

Hypertention, renal failure, flank pain, fever, chills, uremia, palpable mass, plycythemia, hematuria.
Sono:Bilateral enlarged kineys w/ multiple cysts, in late stage no normal parenchyma, also may find cysts in liver and spleen, pancreas, testes.

Front 10

Infantile polycystic kidney disease

Back 10

May be seen in utero, renal insufficiency, lung hypoplasia, usually fatal depending on the amoun of renal function.
Sono: Bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys, cysts too small to be seen, no corticomedullary distinction.

Front 11

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

Back 11

Most common palpable mass in neonates, Restricted growth in children, polyuria, hypertention, infection, usually bilateral, bilateral incompatible w/ life.
Sono: Multiple cysts of varying size, no renal parenchyma, enlarged kidneys in children, small kidneys in adult.

Front 12

Medullary sponge kidney

Back 12

Usually asymptomatis unless calculus is present, then hematuria and infection.
Sono: Normal or small kidneys w/ echogenic parenchyma.

Front 13

Madullary cystic disease.

Back 13

Normal renal function, anemia, alt loss, progressive azotemia, polyuria, pain, infection.
Sono: Normal or small echogenic kidneys w/ small cysts under 2 cm.

Front 14

Renal cell carcinoma

Back 14

Most common of all renal tumors, M>F 60-70 yo.
Clinical: Hematuria, weight loss, fatigue, fever, flank pain, palpable mass, hypertention.
Sono: Hyperechoc, cystic or complex mass the may have areas of calcifications, may displace renal pyramids amd invade renal architecture, Irregular margins, hypervascular, renal vein or IVC thrombosis.

Front 15

Transitional cell carcinoma

Back 15

Tumor of renal collecting system, M>F,
Clinical: Hematuria, waight loss, fatigue, fever, flank pain.
Sono: Solid hypoechoic mass, not well defined within the renal sinus, may be multiple.

Front 16

Renal lymphoma

Back 16

Not a primary site, usually caused by adjacent lymph involvement, more common in patients with non-Hodgkins lymphoma, usually no renal symptoms.
Sono: Enlarged kidneys, Hypoechoic mass may be bilateral.

Front 17

Wilms' tumor

Back 17

Most common solid renal mass in childhood, rare in newborns, incidence peaks at 2nd year of life.
Clinical: palpable mass, abd pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuria.
Sono: unilateral, may be bilaretal, heterogenious, look in renal vein and IVC

Front 18

Oncocytoma

Back 18

Benign, asymptomatic
Sono: Well-defined mass w. spoke-wheel patterns of enhancement and central scar.

Front 19

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Back 19

Nephrotis syndrome, hypertention, Anemia, peripheral edema.
Sono: increased cortical echoes.

Front 20

Lupus Nephritis

Back 20

Hematuria, Protenuria, renal vein thrombus, renal insufficiency
Sono: Increased cortical echoes and renal atrophy.