Ar Clinical Psychology

Front 1

Adler's individual psychology- he believed that pathological behavior

Back 1

is a maladaptive and defensive attempt to overcompensate for feelings of inferiority.. so then they have socially-maladaptive behaviors. , the goal is to "replace a mistaken style of life."

Front 2

Name 3 important neo-freudians

Back 2

Karen and Horney Harry joined with Freuds friend Fromm
1. Karen Horney
2. Harry Stack Sullivan
3. Erich Fromm

Front 3

Horney focused on what?

Back 3

early relationships

Front 4

Sullivan emphasized what?

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importance of relationships throughout the lifespan and recognized the cognitive influences on personality development

Front 5

Name 3 important ego analysts:

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Anna Freud
Heinz Hartmann
David Rappaport

Front 6

As compared to Freud, ego-analysts placed more empahsis on ... ?

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the role of the ego in personality development and pathology. Focused on the non-defensive fx of the ego, and believed that pathology results when the ego loses its autonomy from the id.

Front 7

Name 4 object-relations theorists

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Mahler the bird, Winnie-winnie the pooh, kern the corn nutt, and fair'b' as father bee all have their objects!
1. Mahler
2. Winnicott
3. Kernberg
4. Fairbairn

Front 8

Object relations theorists focus on what...

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internal representations of self or others (introjects), an emotionally impoverished childhood environment leads to problems related to formation of introject (splitting and an unstable self-image).

Front 9

Who established analytic (or complex) psychology?

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Carl Jung

Front 10

According to Jung, the more aware of the personal unconscious one is... (what happens with the collective unconscious that is revealed?)

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then the psyche internally self-regulates and neurosis resolves.

Front 11

Jung was not only an analytic psychologist/depth psychologist but also a:

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trait theorist- developed the dichotomous extraversion/introversion personality construct

Front 12

Who developed the estraversion/introversion construct?

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Jung

Front 13

Adler's "masculine protest" is what?

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feelings of inferiority (or an inferiority complex) that push us to grow, dominate, and be superior.

Front 14

when the inferiority complex develops in connection with a particular body part, Adler called this..

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organ inferiority

Front 15

"style of life" is associated with which theorist: (and define)
Horney
Freud,
Jung
Adler

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Adler, compensatory actions that are maladaptive

Front 16

Adlerian psychotherapy has how many stages and phases- with each stage doing what?

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12 stages across 6 phases, with each stage reflecting progressive strageties for awakening a client's underdeveloped feeling of community.

Front 17

Like Freud, Adler integrated dream interpretations, resistances, transferences.. but it also uses:

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role-play, advice, and encouragement

Front 18

Systtematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP).. is based on which theorist?

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Adler

Front 19

Systematic training for Effective Teaching (STET) is based on which theorist?

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Adler

Front 20

Karen Horney and parental behaivors

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certain parental behavior contribute to basic anxiety.. the child in defence adopts a certain mode of relating to others: moving towards them, against them, away from others. .. a health person integrates all 3.

Front 21

Who (which theorist) recognized the role in cognitive experience in personality development?

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Harry Stack Sullivan

Front 22

Harry Sullivan id 3 types of cognitive development: (define)

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1. prototaxic mode (exp before language, occuring in first monts of life.. and may charact schizophrenics)
2. parataxic mode (private or autistic symbols and the person sees causal connections between events that are not actually related, these connections serve the developing self and reduce anxiety
3.syntaxic mode- involves symbols that have shared meaning and logical sequential, and consistent thinking. emerges at the end of the 1st year of life and underlies lang acquisition.

Front 23

Sullivan believed that neurotic behavior is caused by ..

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paratoxic distortions, the individual deals with others as if they were significatn persons from his or her life.

Front 24

Fromm identified 5 character styles

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1. receptive
2. exploitative
3. hoarding
4. marketing
5. productive

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ego-analysts distinguish between two ego-fx:

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1. ego-defensive fx (involed in the resolution of conflict)
2. ego-autonomous fx
(include adaptive, non-conlfict laden fx such as learning, memory, speech, and perception)

Front 26

ego-analysts view healthy bheavior under consious control, but pathology happens when?

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the ego loses its autonomy from the id.

Front 27

in comparison to classical psychoanalysis, ego-analysts emphasize

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current experiences, less on tranference, opportunities for re-parenting, and focuses on helping the client build more adaptive defenses

Front 28

Name several object-relations theory:

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Melanie Klein
Ronald Fairbarin
Margaret Mahler
Otto Kernberg
Heinz Kohut
Donald Winnicott

Front 29

When does the child usually develop a level of ego strength needed to be able to maintain a representation of another person (object)-- who? and what is this termed?

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3rd year of life (Mahler), "psychological birth"

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Kohut is best known for his work on...

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narcissism, "a young chil's natural self-love (narcissism) is undermined by a parent's inevitable failure to satisfy all of the child's needs, teh child develops a protective grandiose self... this self changes with maturation

Front 31

Jung and Freud = transference, however jung and freud have different views of the unconscious: Jung (collective and personal unconscious that would both be transfered/transference onto therapist)

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freud and jung unconscious

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harry stack sullivan's parataxi disortion is similar to Freud's ..?

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partaxic is when an individual deals with others as if they were significant persons from his or her early life,.. similar to freud's transference

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ego-analysts believes that pathology

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result whens the ego loses control and autonomy from the id.

Front 34

6 existential therapies:

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1. client-centered
2. existential
3. gestalt
4. reality
5. transactional
6. feminist

Front 35

Existential therapy names two types of anxiety:

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normal anxiety (existential anxiety)
neurotic anxiety--it commonly manifests itself as a loss of a subjective sense of free will and an inability to take responsibility for one's own life)

Front 36

Frankl and logotherapy describes three tenets:

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1. freedom of will
2. will to meaning
3. meaning of life

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Gestalt therapy talks about "figure-ground" which is?

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figure represents what a person is paying attention to and ground represents what a person is not noticing.

Front 38

Fritz Perl's theory of personality; "self" and "self-image", he also discussed "contact" which refers to what?

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interacting with nature and others without losing one's individuality

Front 39

According to Fritz Perl's resistances to contact as..

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boundary disturbances, which are the defenses that one develops as a self-protective attempt to avoid the anxiety necessitated by change and prevents full experiengin in the present

Front 40

Types of defenses (Firtz Perls): (name 6)

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1. introjection
2. projection
3. retroflection
4. defection
5. confluence
6. isolation

Front 41

Reality thearpy is developed by, and is based on, and empahsizes 5 basic needs:

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glasser and is based on Choice theory,
1. survival
2. to love and belong
3. power
4. freedom
5. fun

Front 42

Reality therapy and glasser talk about two types of identities: success and failure- define

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Success: whehn an individual is able to meet their needs responsibly (ie., me and you)
failure: irresponsible manner they meet their needs (ie bad guys)

Front 43

Reality therapy uses a technique that is called WDEP system

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W- wants
D- direction to get what they want
E- evaluate (is this behavior getting the client closer to their goal)
P- planning

Front 44

Schools without failure (SWF) was developed by?

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Glasser

Front 45

Eric Berne developed what theory>?

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transactional analysis

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Transactional Analysis has two notions:

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1. we have fx "ego states" to our personality
2. these internal states talk to one another

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TA and ego states: name the 3

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child, parent, adult--we interact among these states when we talk to people.

Front 48

TA and strokes

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interpersonal contact/recognition that happens between ego states at two diff levels (social and covert). They can be pos and neg.

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TA and scripts

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refers to a person's life plan- reflecting a person's characteristic pattern of giving or receive storkes- an unhealthy one leads to maladaptive behavior..

Front 50

life positions and TA

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refers to how the person views themsleves in relations to others.. there are 4.

Front 51

TA and transactions and name the three types:

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refers to the communication exchanges between people- there are three types: complementary, crossed, and ulterior

Front 52

TA and Transactions: Complementary Transactions

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many combos of ego states
the original communication is responded b y an appropriate response
ie. What time is it? its 9 pm. not go fuck yourself.

Front 53

TA and Transactions: Crossed Transactions

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involve the original communication, but a response from an inappropriate ego state: What time is it? hubby asks, go look at your own watch says the watch from a child ego state

Front 54

TA and Transactions: Ulterior Transactions

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mixed messages essential or the start of "games"

Front 55

TA and Games

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ulterior transactions-- they use all of these fancy shmanzee words.. for an idea that is so easy!
ie; criticism

Front 56

Non-sexist therapy and feminist therapy differ in that

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feminists have a political agenda, in promoting feminist values.

Front 57

Name a famous feminist object-relations theorist, (think rodriguez)

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Nancy Chodorow

Front 58

define self-in-relation theory

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one's sense of self depends in large part on how one connects with others- the self is not autonomous, need empathic connections to grow.

Front 59

Self-in-relation theory's view on development

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you go from infantile dependency towards a mature state of interdependency

Front 60

self-in-relation view on psychopathology

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disconnected from others,, with the mother-daughter connection being the most important (mutuality)

Front 61

Unlike Freud, Adler emphasized... what factors in the development of personality?

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social factors and adopted a teleological approach