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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is nutrition? |
Nutrition is the study of nutrients found in food and their functions in the body. |
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Name 5 nutrients we need in a balanced diet. |
Proteins Carbohydrates: -sugars - starches Vitamins and minerals Fats Water and fibre |
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What is a balanced diet? |
A balanced diet is a diet which contains all the nutrients needed for good health in the correct amounts to meet individual needs |
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What is malnutrition? |
Malnutrition occurs when not enough food is eaten to meet dietary needs or too much which causes obesity. |
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What is under-nutrition? |
Some people may not eat enough food to meet their dietary needs |
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What are nutrients? |
Chemical compounds which form molecules in food. |
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What factors affect what you eat? |
Age Excercise - PAL Physical Activity Level Medical condition e.g. Diabetes Personal Choice- Vegetarian Gender Pregnancy Babies who are weaned- begin eating solid food. |
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What type of balanced diet do babies need to have? |
They need lots of protein for growth and calcium for bones and teeth. |
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What type of balanced diet do office workers need to have? |
They needs less energy food due to relatively easy (non-active) job. |
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What type of balanced diet do old man need to have? |
Needs less food as he's now not as active. |
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What type of balanced diet do pregnant woman need to have? |
Needs extra protein, calcium and increased amount of food in general. |
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What type of balanced diet do athletes need to have? |
Needs more energy food due to demands of his job. |
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How does age affect diet to aid nutritional health? |
The diet needs more: Protein Calcium Vitamin D Iron Vitamin C |
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How does being pregnant affect diet to aid nutritional health? |
Your diet needs more: Protein Vitamins B/C/D Calcium Why: Because you need to keep baby healthy/ not as much excercise. The metabolic rate will be lower so you don't need more food. |
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How does breastfeeding affect diet to aid nutritional health? |
Your diet needs more: Carbohydrates Fat Why: Needs to increase their energy because more energy is given to baby through breast milk. |
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How does babies affect diet to aid nutritional health? |
Your diet needs more: Non solid foods e.g. calcium and milk. Why: Babies need to grow strong bones and are unable to cope with solid food for 9th or 6th month. |
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How does recovering from an illness affect diet to aid nutritional health? |
Your diet needs more: Calcium Protein Extra iron Vitamins and minerals in small amounts. |
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Why is carbohydrates important in the diet and give examples of foods they can be found in? |
It gives you energy. Can be found in: Meat Fish Egg Beans |
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Why is protein important in the diet and give example of foods it can be found in? |
Helps build muscle and repair of tissue. Can be found in: Rice Bread Pasta Potatoes |
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Why are fats important in the diet and give examples of foods they can be found in? |
Gives you energy and keeps you warm. Can be found in: Cake Chocolate Coke Crisps |
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Why are vitamins and minerals important important in the diet? |
To grow and stay healthy. |
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Why is fibre important in the diet and give examples of foods it can be found in? |
To help you go to the toilet and to excercise digestive system. Can be found in: Lentils Wholemeal Vegetables Nuts |
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Why is water important in the diet? |
It helps our body function. |
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What are macronutrients? |
Macronutrients are large amount of nutrients needed by the body e.g. proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. |
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Where is excess protein converted and stored and what can it be used as? |
In the liver and can be used as secondary source of energy. |
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What are amino acids? |
They are long chains that form protein molecules. |
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How many known amino acids are there? |
20 |
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What are indespensable amino acids? |
They are essential amino acids 9 of the 20 amino acids that we know about are indespensable because we can't make them. |
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What does HBV stand for? |
High Biological Value |
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What does High Biological Value proteins mean? |
It means that these have indispensable amino acids. |
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Where can high biological value proteins be found? |
Animal proteins e.g. fish and meats |
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What does LBV stand for? |
Low Biological Value |
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What does Low Biological Value proteins mean? |
It means that these lack 1 or more Indespensable Amino Acids. |
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Where can Low Biological Value proteins be found and give examples of foods. |
Vegetable Proteins e.g. Cearels, pulses, nuts, and tofu. |
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What can happen if people do not eat enough proteins in their diet? |
Retarded growth Wasting of muscles and organs |
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How can vegetarians get all the IAAs in their diet if they do not eat meat and fish? |
Complementary proteins i.e. combining vegetable proteins. e.g. cheese and beans, chocolate soya milk. |
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What are some bad things about soya? |
Take a very long time to cook and do not have much flavour. |
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What are fats needed for? |
1.) Concentrated source of energy. 2.) Protective layer on internal organs. 3.) Supply fat soluble vitamins ADEK |
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What 3 elements are fat molecules made up of? |
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen |
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How many double bonds do saturated fats? |
They have 0 double bonds because they have single bonds. |
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How many double bonds do unsaturated fatty acids? |
They have 2 or more double bonds. |
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Which fats are healthier fats with or without double bonds? |
WIth double bonds are healthier |
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What type of fatty acid are animal fats made from? |
Saturated fatty acids. |
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What type of fatty acids are vegetable fats made up of? |
Unsaturated fatty acids. |
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What happens to the animal fats in the body and give examples of foods. |
Converted to cholesterol in liver. Food examples: Meats, paté, egg, milk, cream, and butter. |
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What happens to vegetable fats in the body and give examples of foods. |
Not converted too cholesterol. Food examples: Corn, olive and sunflower oils, margarine, nuts. |
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What does monosaturated mean? |
1 double bond |
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What does polyunsaturated mean? |
Many double bonds |
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How do you reduce the risk Coronary heart disease? |
Less fatty food More fibre rich More starchy More fruit and vegetables More excercise |
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What is hidden fat and what food products might you find them in? |
Fat that you cannot see in a food product. Foods high in hidden fats include chocolate bars, cheese, fried snack foods, and pizzas. |
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What are trans fats? |
Are chemically altered vegetable oils. |
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What is the danger of too many |
Givcjjxt |
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What do vitamins and minerals do within the body? |
- Protect the body from infection. - Regulate body processes such as clotting of the blood and release of energy from food. |
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What is a good way to make sure we eat a balanced diet? |
- Wide variety of foods. - Eat at least five a day portions of fruit and vegetables a day. - Not too many sugary or fatty foods and drinks. |
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Why do diets become unbalanced? |
- Eating too much of one type of food and too little of others. - Some countries not enough food available. (Diet is often defiecient in certain nutrients.) - Some people may not eat enough food to meet their dietary needs. |
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What is a problem with eating too much of one type of food and too little of others? |
If we eat more energy rich foods than we use up in activity the extra energy will be stored as body fat and we may become obese. And a lack of vitamins and minerals in our diets can result in poor resistance to infections. |
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What can happen if a country does not have enough food available? |
Their diet is deficient in certain nutrients. This can cause poor growth in children and deficiency disseases e.g. beri-beri and pellagra. |
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Why do some people not eat enough food to meet their dietary needs? |
This is called under-nutrition. Can be caused by not liking certrain foods e.g. fruit and vegetables. Or by intolerances to foods e.g. dairy products. Food intake may also be resticted because of a condition called anorexia nervosa which causes severe weight loss and under-nutrition. |
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Why can elderly people suffer from under-nutrition? |
They may lose interest in food Or they may not be able to cook for themselves. |
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What can under-nutrition cause? |
Depression Anaemia Weak bones and teeth. |
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Growth is most rapid from birth to five and during the teenage years. What should their diet provide adequate amounts of? |
Protein for growth Calcium and Vitamin D for the formation of healthy bones and teeth. Iron and Vitamin C for red blood cells and to prevent anamia in girls. |
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As we grow older, and less active, energy requirements decrease, but what do we still need a good supply of? |
Protein to repair body cells Calcium and Vitamin D to prevent brittle bones Vitamin C to help resist infections. |
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Why do males generally need more energy from foods than females? |
Higher metabolic rate More muscle tissue. |
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What do pregnant women need to increase in their diet? |
Protein Vitamin B (paticuarly folic acid) Vitamins D and C Calcium |
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Why do pregnant women not need to increase their energy intake? |
Less active Metabolic rate is slower |
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Why do breastfeeding motehers need to increase their energy intake? |
They need to supply their babies energy needs through breastmilk as well as their own needs. |
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Why should babies be fed only breast or formula milk from birth to six months old? |
Their digestive systems can't cope with solid foods. |
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What will someone who has suffered a bone fracture need more of? |
Calcium and protein |
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What will someone who has suffered a bone fracture need more of? |
Calcium and protein |
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A person who is ill may only have a small appetite so what should the food served contain? |
Protein Vitamins and minerals Only a SMALL amount of: Fat Carbohydrate E.G. Chicken and vegetable soup. |
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Why is dietary analysis such as food tables in books or computer programs useful? |
Highlights deficiencies or excesses in person's nutrient intake. Useful tool for carrying out primary research for investigations into special dietary needs or food related diseases. |
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How can you find out if your diet provides an adequate amount of all the nutrients required? |
By keeping a dietary diary for at least three days, including one weekend day because we often eat different foods or meals at the weekend. |
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What is very important when writing a dietary diary? |
You need to record the amount you eat or the size of the portion. |
