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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Food |
Any solid or liquid substance which, when taken by the body,provides it with the necessary materials to enable it to grow,to replace worn-out and damaged parts, and to fuction normally. |
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How to make sure health and fitness are maintained when food is plentiful? |
To have an uderstanding of food and its effects on the body and to use this knowledge wisely. |
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What is Nutrition? |
Nutrition is the process by which the body takes in and uses food.Nutrition includes all the stuff that's in your food, such as vitamins,protein,fat or more.It's important to eat a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and grains, so you can have what you need to grow and be helthy. |
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What is molecule in food? |
A branch of food science molecular gastronomy that focuses on the physical and chemical processes that arise when cooking. |
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Diet |
The food that a person eats everyday.e.g slimming diets and low fat diets |
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Malnutrition |
Means an incorrect or unbalanced intake of nutrients. |
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Under-nutrition |
Means an insufficient (poor or little)total intake of nutrients. |
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Cells |
The smallest unit that can live on its own, and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body. |
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Cells have 3 three main parts |
The cell membrane,nucleus, and cytoplasm. |
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Nutrients |
Molecules in food that all organisms need to make energy,grow,develop, and reproduce. Substances in food that the body needs to function properly throughout the day. |
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Metabolism |
The process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into energy. |
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Cells are grouped into |
Systems containing various tissues and organs,each performing special functions. |
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There are (5) five main groups of nutrients: |
Protein Fat Carbohydrate Vitamins Minerals |
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Macro nutrients |
Needed by the body in relatively large amounts.e.g protein,fat,carbohydrate,and the mineral elements sodium,calcium,potassium, phosphorous,and magnesium. |
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Micronutrients |
Needed by the body in smaller amounts.They include vitamins,essential fatty acids, and trace elements (the minerals iron,zinc,copper,iodine,selenium, chromium, and cobalt.) |
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Water |
Water can also be called a nutrient as it is vital to life. |
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Dietary fibre |
Some foods contain dietary fibre or non-starch polysaccharide (NSP),which is not strictly a nutrient,but is still of importance to the body. |
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Protein |
Each cell contains a substance protoplasm, which contains (amongst other things)protein. |
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Protein are involved in |
Structural support,while others are involved in bodily movement,or in defence against germs. |
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The primary function of protein |
To provide body building or growth materials. |
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Protein play a number of different roles in cells depending on their nature and type of cell. |
1The protein collagen helps build bones and teeth, 2Protein in muscles is responsible for contraction and holding of fluids, 3hard and insoluble protein in hair,nails,and skin provides a protective covering for the body. 4Protein in the blood cells give elasticity. |
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Vital body protein are in constant state of breakdown. |
Therefore, there is need for replacement,repair, and maintenance. The lifespan of a cell is only about 30 days. As old skin cells shed,new cells made primarily from protein grow underneath.The body continuously deposits protein into new cells that replace those that have been lost. The repair work of protein is needed most when there are bone,muscle, ligament, or tendon injuries or during periods of inactivity. For eg.after a surgery. |
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Protein is needed to build the following components: |
1Enzymes areproteins that facilate chemical reactions in the body.Often refered to catalysts because they speed up chemical reactions. Eg.include enzymes lactase and pepsine |
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What is pepsin |
Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that works in the stomach to break down protein. |
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Hormonal proteins |
They are messenger proteins that help to coordinate certain bodily activities. Eg.include insulin,which regulates blood glucose,and thyroxin,which regulates the body's metabolic rate. |
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What are Antibodies? |
Proteins that defend the body against disease and promote antibody activity that controls immune and allergy functions. |
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Transporters |
It carry proteins that move molecules from one place to another around the body. Eg.haemoglobin,which transports oxygen through the blood, and lipoproteins, which transport lipids around the body. |
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Regulators of fluid balance |
Protein is a critical compound in controlling the amount of fluids in the blood and body tissues.is a controlling factor in maintaining water balance. |
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The functions listed above can only be performed by protein. |
However, if adequate carbohydrates are not eaten to allow the bloodstream to supply the energy needed to keep the cells alive, Protein will be sacrificed or forced to provide energy and glucose. Only if the protein sparing energy from carbohydrate and fat is adequate to provide the cells with amino acids be utilized for the work only protein can perform. |
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The Chemist's view of protein |
The many different proteins (complex molecules) contain the elements ▪oxygen ▪hydrogen ▪carbon ▪nitrogen ▪sulphur |
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Structure of protein |
The structure of protein is different from that of carbohydrates or fat,since protein is the only nutrient that contains nitrogen. The protein molecules are made up of small units joined together like links in a chain.These units are called amino acids. |
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View of protein |
At least 22 different amino acids are known to occur naturally, and each has its own chemical name. Different proteins are made when different numbers and types of amino acids combine. An enormous number of different proteins can be made from 22 amino acids. |
