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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mayflower Compact |
- 1620: The first agreement for self-government in America - It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony
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William Bradford |
- A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony (1621 - 1657) - He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt - he helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks |
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Pilgrims and Puritans contrasted |
- the Pilgrims were separatists who believed that the Church of England could not be reformed - Separatist groups were illegal in England, so the Pilgrims fled to America and settled in Plymouth - the Puritans were non-separatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the Church of England - they received a right to settle in the Massachusetts Bay area from the King of England |
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Massachusetts Bay Colony |
- 1929: King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area - the colony established political freedom and a representative government |
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Cambridge Agreement |
- 1629: The Puritan stockholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company agreed to emigrate to New England on the condition that they would have control of the government of the colony |
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Puritan Migration |
- many puritans emigrated from England to America in the 1630s and 1640s -during this time, the population of the Massachusetts Bay colony grew to ten times its earlier population |
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Church of England (Anglican Church) |
- the national church of England, founded by King Henry VIII - included both Roman Catholic and Protestant ideas |
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John Winthrop (1588 - 1649), his beliefs |
- 1629: he became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649 - a Puritan with strong religious beliefs - opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders - helped organize the New England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president |
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Separatists, non-separatists
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- non-separatists (which included the Puritans) believed that the Church of England could be purified through reforms - separatists (which included the Pilgrims) believed that the Church of England could not be reformed, and so they started their own congregations |
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Calvinism |
- Protestant sect founded by John Calvin - emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born) - Calvinists supported constitutional representative government and the separation of church and state |
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Congregational Church, Cambridge Platform |
- the Congregational Church was founded by separatists who felt that the Church of England retained too many Roman Catholic beliefs and practices - the Pilgrims were members of the Congregational Church - the Cambridge Platform stressed morality over church dogma |
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Contrast Puritan colonies with others
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- Puritan colonies were self-governed, with each town having its own government which led the people in strict accordance with Puritan beliefs - only those members of the congregation who had achieved grace and were full church members (called the "elect," or "saints") could vote and hold public office - other colonies had different styles of government and were more open to different beliefs |
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Anne Hutchinson, Antinomianism |
- she preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders - she was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637 - her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639 |
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Roger Williams, Rhode Island |
- 1635: He left the Massachusetts colony and purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island - Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom |
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Covenant Theology |
- Puritan teachings emphasized the biblical covenants: God's covenants with Adam and with Noah, the covenant of grace between God and man through Christ |
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Voting granted to church members - 1631 |
- 1631: the Massachusetts general court passed an act to limit voting rights to church members |
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Half-way Covenant |
- the Half-way Covenant applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves - the covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs |
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Brattle Street Church |
- 1698: Founded by Thomas Brattle - his church differed from the Puritans in that it did not require people to prove that they had achieved grace in order to become full church members |
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Thomas Hooker |
- clergyman, one of the founders of Hartford - called "the father of American democracy" because he said that people have a right to choose their magistrates |
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
- set up a unified government for the towns of the Connecticut area (Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield) - first constitution written in America |
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Saybrook Platform |
- it organized town churches into county associations which sent delegates to the annual assembly which governed the colony of Connecticut |
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Massachusetts School Law |
- first public education legislation in America - declared that towns with 50 or more families had to hire a schoolmaster and that towns with over 100 families had to found a grammar school |
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Harvard founded |
- 1636: founded by a grant form the Massachusetts general court - followed Puritan beliefs |
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New England Confederation |
- 1643: formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies |
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King Philip's War |
- 1675: a series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip - the war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians - the colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion |
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Dominion of New England |
- 1686: the British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros) - the Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros |
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Sir Edmond Andros |
- governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England |
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Joint-Stock Company |
- a company made up of a group of shareholders - each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts |
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Virginia: purpose, problems, failures, successes
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- Virginia was formed by the Virginia Company as profit-earning venture - starvation was the major problem; about 90% of the colonists died the first year, many of the survivors left, and the company had trouble attracting new colonists - they offered private land ownership in the colony to attract settlers, but the Virginia Company eventually went bankrupt and the colony went to the crown - Virginia did not become a successful colony until the colonists started raising and exporting tobacco |
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Headright System |
- Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to any man who would emigrate to America - they were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists |
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John Smith |
- helped found and govern Jamestown - his leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter |
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John Rolfe, tobacco |
- he was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas) - he discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony |
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Slavery begins |
- 1916: the first African slaves in America arrive in the Virginia colony |
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House of Burgesses |
- 1619: the Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America - later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses |
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Cavaliers |
- in the English Civil War (1642 - 1647), these were the troops loyal to Charles II - their opponents were the Roundheads, loyal to Parliament and Oliver Cromwell |
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Bacon's Rebellion |
- 1676: Nathaniel bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements - the frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city - the rebellion ended suddenly when bacon died of an illness |
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Culperer's Rebellion |
- led by Culperer, the Alpemark colony rebelled against its English governor, Thomas Miller - the rebellion was crushed, but Culperer was acquitted |
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Georgia: reasons, successes |
- 1733: Georgia was formed as a buffer between the Carolinas and Spanish-held Florida - it was a military-style colony, but also served as a haven for the poor, criminals, and persecuted Protestants |
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James Oglethorpe |
- founder and governor of the Georgia colony - he ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony - slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony - many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that (along with the colonist's dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down the Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor |
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Carolinas |
- 1665: Charles II granted this land to pay off a debt to some supporters - they instituted headrights and a representative government to attract colonists - the southern region of the Carolinas grew rich off its ties to the sugar islands, while the poorer northern region was composed mainly of farmers - the conflicts between the regions eventually led to the colony being split into North and South Carolina |
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John Locke, Fundamental Constitution |
- Locke was a British political theorist who wrote the Fundamental Constitution for the Carolinas colony, but it was never put into effect - the constitution would have set up a feudalistic government headed by an aristocracy which owned most of the land |
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Charleston |
- 1960: the first permanent settlement in the Carolinas, named in honor of King Charles II - much of the population were Huguenot (French Protestant) refugees |
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Staple crops in the South |
- tobacco was grown in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina - rice was grown in South Carolina and Georgia - indigo was grown in South Carolina |
