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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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At the turn of the 20th century (during the Gilded Age), what were the 5 major problems in society?
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1. Millions of Americans were living in poverty - Disparity of wealth
2. Labor - Every year, thousands were killed or injured on the job 3. Farmers were hurt by deflation of the dollar & railroad trusts 4. Discrimination; Nativists/Xenophobia 5. Women weren't politically equal |
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What was the Progressive Era?
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An era of reform
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Who were the progressives?
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Churches, middle class, women, doctors, lawyers, business owners, etc.
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Who were the progressive presidents?
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Roosevelt, Wilson, FDR, JFK, LBJ, Truman
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What was the goal of the progressives?
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Improve the human condition with a democratic society, honest laws, and a just government.
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What were muckrakers?
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Pioneers of investigative journalism
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L. Steffens
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Muckraker; Wrote Shame of the Cities
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Ida Tarbell
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Muckraker; Standard Oil
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Frank Norris
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Muckraker; Railroads; Wrote The Octopus
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Upton Sinclair
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Muckraker; Meat Packing Industry; Wrote The Jungle
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Jacob Riis
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Muckraker; Tenements; Wrote How the Other Half Lives
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Australian Ballot
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Said that voting should be done in secret
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Initiative
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States introduce a law and people can vote on it
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Referendum
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People can overturn/repeal a law
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Recall
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Recalling a public official
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Direct Primary
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Allows voters to choose the candidate for their party
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17th Amendment
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Called for the direct election of senators; before this, the Senate was like the "Millionaire's Club"
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Public utilities
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Transportation, electric plants, water systems
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Commissioners/City managers
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Heads of fire, police, etc.
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Roosevelt's domestic agenda
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He was going to promote and provide a square deal
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TR's 3 C's
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1. Control of Corporations
2. Consumer Protection 3. Conservation |
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Control of Corporations - Anthracite Coal Strike
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TR called in reps. from both sides (one from cole mine workers, one from coal mine owners). After TR threatens to nationalize, the reps. came to an agreement.
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Control of Corporations - Northern Securities
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A bad trust; owned by JP Morgan; controlled railroads west of Chicago; TR broke it up.
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Control of Corporations - Interstate Commerce Commission
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Created from Interstate Commerce Act; Declared the the federal agent's job was to oversee interstate commerce
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Control of Corporations - Elkins Act
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Targeted rebates
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Control of Corporations - Hepburn Act
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Make sure certain states weren't raising rates; helped farmers
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Consumer Protection - Pure Food and Drug Act
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Provided federal regulation & protected people from deadly drugs being put in their medicine
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Consumer Protection - Meat Inspection Act
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Meat had to be inspected by federal officials; Started because of The Jungle
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Conservation - Gifford Pinchot vs. John Muir
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Pinchot = Manager of resources under TR; TR had set aside 125 mill. acres of forest to preserve; Pinchot created the Newlands Act, stating that fed. money could be used to fund dams, irrigation, etc. in the west; In 1906, San Fran had a huge earthquake, and they wanted to build a dam after; Muir protested, but TR didn't back him up, so the dam was built (Hetch Hetchy Valley).
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What did TR promise the people?
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He wouldn't run for a 3rd term
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Broader reforms
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Things that TR wanted to do, but wasn't able to. 8 hr. workday, worker's comp., inheritance tax, regulation of stock market, reduction in tariff.
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TR's legacy
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Role of the president was to promote social change, strong executive power, 1st to use & manipulate modern media, restored prestige to the White House, expanded our role in the western hemisphere.
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William H. Taft
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Hand-picked by TR; Promised to be progressive, but wasn't!
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Payne-Aldrich Tariff
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The tariff was raised 37%; TR was angry
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Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy
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Ballinger = Sec. of Interior; Opened land in Montana, Alaska, and Wyoming for private investors/development; Pinchot tried to make this public, and Taft fired him; TR was angry!!
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Taft's trust busting
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He broke up Standard Oil, tobacco trust, and US steel; Under him, 90 trust suits were brought to the Supreme Court
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Dollar Diplomacy
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Private investors funneled money to Manchuria, China for their railroads; Didn't work!
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Preventative Intervention
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Haiti, Honduras, Dominican Republic, & Cuba were in trouble. We expanded our power into them to protect them from Europe.
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Election of 1912
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Wilson vs. Taft vs. Roosevelt
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Wilson
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Democrat; New Freedom
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Taft
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Republican; Big business
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Roosevelt
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Bull Moose Party; New Nationalism;
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Woodrow Wilson
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Won the election; intelligent, aggressive, religious, inflexible.
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Triple Wall of Privilege
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"free & fair competition"
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Wilson's 1st Day in Office
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He calls a joint session of Congress & speaks to Congress himself about the tariff.
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Underwood Tariff
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If passed, the tariff would be the lowest it had been in 50 years; Wilson encouraged voters to put pressure on law-makers
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16th Amendment
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Americans would pay a graduated income tax (in proportion to their earnings)
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Clayton Anti-Trust Act
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"Magna Carta for labor" -Samuel Gompers; Protection for laborers; Laborers could engage in strikes and picketing
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Federal Trade Commission Act
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Investigates & regulates interstate commerce; "unfair business practices"
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Federal Reserve Act
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Created 12 banking districts & the Federal Reserve Board
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Federal Farm Act
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Gave farmers access to credit/loans
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Workingman's Compensation
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Disability for certain federal employees
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Child Labor
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Banned, and then overturned
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Adamson Act
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Railroad workers get an 8 hour workday
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