Apush Chapter 5

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Olive Branch Petition

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adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1775 in an attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain. The petition affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated the king to prevent further conflict. The petition was rejected, and in August 1775 the colonies were formally declared in rebellion by the Proclamation of Rebellion

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Prohibitory Act

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passed as a measure of retaliation by Great Britain against the general rebellion then going on in her American colonies, which became known as the American Revolutionary War. It declared and provided for a naval blockade against American ports.

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Common sense

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was based on a strict construction of the term, consists of what people in common would agree on: that which they "sense" as their common natural understanding.

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Declaration of Independence

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a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire

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Thomas Jefferson

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he was the third President of the United States and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson was one of the most influential Founding Fathers, known for his promotion of the ideals of republicanism in the United States

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George Mason

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an American patriot, statesman, and delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Constitutional Convention

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Continental Congress

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a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution. The Congress met from 1774 to 1789 in three incarnations.

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Articles of Confederation

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the first constitution of the United States of America and specified how the national government was to operate. The Second Continental Congress appointed a committee to draft the Articles in June 1776 and sent the draft to the states for ratification in November 1777

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George Washington

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the dominant military and political leader of the new United States of America from 1775–1797, leading the American victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War as commander in chief of the Continental Army

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Bunker Hill

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a battle that took place on June 17, 1775, mostly on and around Breed's Hill, during the Siege of Boston early in the American Revolutionary War.

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General Thomas Gage

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a British general, best known for his role in the early days of the American War of Independence.

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Hessians

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eighteenth-century German regiments hired through their rulers by the British Empire. Though used in several conflicts, they are most widely associated with combat operations in the American Revolutionary War

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Lord Cornwallis

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he is best remembered as one of the leading British generals in the American War of Independence.

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Nathanael Greene

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a major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. He emerged from the war with a reputation as George Washington's most gifted and dependable officer.

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John Adams

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an American statesman, diplomat and political theorist. A leading champion of independence in 1776, he was the second President of the United States.

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John Jay

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an American politician, statesman, revolutionary, diplomat, a Founding Father of the United States, and the first Chief Justice of the United States.

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Treaty of Paris 1783

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signed on September 3, 1783, ratified by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784, and by the King of Great Britain on April 9, 1784.

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Women during war time

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Everyone agreed that workers were greatly needed. They also agreed that having women work in the war industries would only be temporary.

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Abigail Adams

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she was the wife of John Adams, who was the second President of the United States, and the mother of John Quincy Adams, the sixth.

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Civic virtue

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the cultivation of habits of personal living that are claimed to be important for the success of the community. The identification of the character traits that constitute civic virtue have been a major concern of political philosophy.

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ordinance of 1784

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called for the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River to be divided into separate states

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Northwest Ordinance

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an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States. The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River.

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Shay's Rebellion

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It was an armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts from 1786 to 1787, named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolution who led the rebels. Most of Shays' compatriots were poor farmers angered by crushing debt and taxes.