Apush Chapter 18

Front 1

Reservation system

Back 1

Gave land to native tribes in the West. Land was used communally. The government encouraged natives to stay on the reservations, sometimes through violence.

Front 2

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Back 2

Distributed land, made payments, oversaw the shipment of supplies. Corrupt and led to more racial conflict.

Front 3

Slaughter of the buffalo

Back 3

Sioux and other tribes relied on the buffalo. Army commanders encouraged their slaughter. This prompted natives to fight back. The killing of buffalo forced natives on reservations.

Front 4

Sand Creek massacre

Back 4

Cheyenne and Apache were forced to leave their reservation when gold was found. They were sent to a small area, but then settlers wanted that too. 200 of Black Kettle's Cheyenne band were killed by the Colorado militia.

Front 5

Great Sioux War

Back 5

Started when Custer searched for gold on Sioux land. Sioux fought back against the US government. Led to the creation of the Great Sioux reservation.

Front 6

Treaty of Fort Laramie

Back 6

Agreement between the US and the Lakota people. Signed in Wyoming territory. Ended the Great Sioux War, acknowledging US defeat. Gave the Black Hills to the Lakotas, and hunting rights in the surrounding states. Whites were not allowed in Powder River Country. Repeated violations of this caused the Black Hills war.

Front 7

George Armstrong Custer

Back 7

Former Civil War general. During the Great Sioux War he attacked many Sioux warriors near the Little Bighorn River in Montana and was wiped out, mostly due to lack of reinforcement.

Front 8

Chief Joseph

Back 8

Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. US troops came and fought them back into reservations.

Front 9

Wounded Knee

Back 9

The US army, believing that the Sioux leader, Sitting Bull, was using the Ghost Dance to start an uprising, sent in troops to arrest him. Sioux natives were forced to Wounded Knee Creek and 300 were killed.

Front 10

Dawes Act

Back 10

Authorized the President to survey tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual natives.

Front 11

Kill the Indian and save the man

Back 11

Motto of Richard Henry Pratt, founder of Carlisle Indian School

Front 12

Brigham Young

Back 12

Successor to the Mormons after the death of Joseph Smith, founder of Mormonism; kept Mormonism alive and established it in Salt Lake City

Front 13

Mormon settlements

Back 13

Brigham Young led the Mormons to Utah/Deseret, where they used advanced irrigation methods. Utah was prosperous and grew rapidly. Mormon polygamy delayed Utah's statehood.

Front 14

Gadsden purchase

Back 14

Treaty in which the US bought land from Mexico for a railroad. That land became southern Arizona and southern New Mexico. There was a lot of debate over it.

Front 15

Mexicanos

Back 15

People who became Americans after the US took territory from Mexico

Front 16

Cattle drives

Back 16

The process of cowboys herding cattle to Northern plains

Front 17

Range wars

Back 17

A type of conflict that occurs in agrarian societies. Fought over the rights to unowned land and water.

Front 18

Transcontinental railroad

Back 18

Linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system

Front 19

Homestead Act

Back 19

Granted any settler 160 acres to live on and care for for 5 years, had to improve land. Sparked the largest migration in world history.

Front 20

Morill Land Grant Act

Back 20

Land granted to colleges from government for campuses in return for promising agricultural programs.

Front 21

National Reclamation Act

Back 21

Added tons of irrigated land to the US