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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Merigo Vespucci
1454-1512 |
☮ Italian member of a Porteguese expedition
☮ Explored South America ☮ Discovery suggested that the expedition had found a "New World" ☮ After an about of _____'s 1497 expedition was published, a cartographer mistakenly thought that ___ had led the expedition and had landed in the New World before Christopher Columbus; te cartographer named the continent America. |
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Treaty of Tordesillas
1493 |
☮ Commitment between Spain and Portugal
☮ Created the Papal Line of Demarcation, which divided the New World: east of the line for Portugal and west of it for Spain ☮ Later, the Papal Line affected colonization in Afica and Asia |
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New Spain
1400s and 1500s |
☮ Spain's tightly controlled empire in the New World
☮ To deal with labor shortages, the Soaniards developed a system of large manors (ecomiendas) using Naticve American slaves underconquistadors ☮ With the death of Native American slaves, Spaniards began importing African slaves to supply their labor needs |
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Mercantalism
1500s-1700s |
☮ Prevailing economic philosophy of the 1600s that held that colonies existed to serve the mother country
☮ Founded on the belied that the world's wealth was sharply limited and, therefore, one nation's gain was anothernation's loss ☮ Each nation's goal was to export more than it imported in a favorable blalance of trade; the difference would be made up in their possession of gold and silver, which would make the nation strong both economically and militarily ☮ Supporters of ___ believed economic activity should be regulated by the government |
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Queen Elizabeth I
1533-1603 |
☮ Protestant successor to Queen Mary
☮ Popular leader and the first woman to successfully hold the trone ☮Invested in English raids on the Spanish New World ☮ Brought on a war response from Spain in the form of the Spanish Armada ☮ Established Protestantism in England andencouraged English buisness |
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The Spanish Armada
1588 |
☮ Fleet assembled by King Philp II of Spain to invade England
☮ The Armada was defeated byt the skill of British military leaders and by rough seas during the assault ☮ England's victory ber Spanish forces established England as an emerging sea power; it was one of the great achievements of Queen Elizabeth I ☮ Defeat helped bring about the declineof theSpanish empire |
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Types of Colonies in the New World
1600s |
☮ In a charter colony, colonists were essentially members of a corporation and, based on an agreed-upon charter, electors among the colonists would contol the government
☮ A royal colony had a governor selected by England's king;he would serve in the leadership role and choose additional, lesser officers ☮ Proprietary colonies were owned by an individual with direct responsibility to the king; the proprietor selected a governor, who served as the authority figure for the property |
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English Puritanism
1500s and 1600s |
☮ Movement by those who wished to reform the Church of England to be more in line with their ideology
☮ ___ were Calvinist in thier religious beliefs; they believed in predestination and in the authorty of Scripture ober papal authority ☮ Though King Henry VIII had set out to separate from papal authority in facor of his own Chuch of England, many Roman Catholic traditions and practices remained ☮ _____ rejected these Roman Catholic holdovers because of thier Calvinist ideology; they sought to make the English Church "pure" ☮ ____ would echo throughout American culture in the ideas of self-reliance, moral fortitude, and an emphasis on intellectualism |
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Dutch West India Company
1500s and 1600s |
☮ The joint-stock company that ran the colonies in Fort Orange and in New Amsterdam, which later became New York
☮ Carried on a profitable fur trade with tthe Native American Iroquois ☮ Instituted the partoon system, in which large estates were given to wealthy men who transported at least fifty families to New Netherland to tend the land; few took the opportunity |
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Sir Walter Raleigh
1587 |
☮ Selected Roanoke Island as a site for thefirst Englich settlement
☮ Returned to England to secure additional supplies; on his return, hefound the colony deserted; it is not known what became of the Roanoke settlers ☮ After teh failure of Roanoke, ____ abandoned his attempts to colonize Virginia ☮ Held back by a lack of financial resources and the war with Spain, English interst in AMerican Colonization was submerged for fifteen years |
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St Augustine,Florida
1598 |
French Protestants (Huguenots) went to the New World to freeely practice their relighion; they formed a colony near modern day St. Augustine,Florida
☮ Spain, which oversaw Florida reacted violently to the Huguenots because they were trespasses and becasue thery were viewed as heretics by the Catholic church ☮ Spain sent a force to the settlement and massacred the fort's inhabitants ☮ The settlement at ___ is considered to be the first permanent European settlement in what would become the US |
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Charter Colonies (Joint-Stock) and "Starving Time"
1600s |
☮ Charter colonies were associations that sought trade, exploration, and colonization overseas
☮ "Starving Tim" describes a periof in the 1600sduring which many colonists died and others consideredreturning to England |
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Jameston
1607 |
☮ First charter colony
☮ Named for James I(1566-1625), Queen Elixabeth's successor in England ☮ James I granted charters for charter colonies in the New World ☮ In 1607,the Virginia Company of London settled ____, the first permanent English settlement ☮ Sweampy location led to disease and contaminated water sources ☮Despite location and hostile relations with Native Americans, John Smith's harsh charismatic leadership of the colony kept it from collapsing ☮ In 1619,African slaves arrived at Jamestown,becoming the first groupof slaves to reach a British settlement |
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Indenture System
1600s |
☮ Poor worker,convicted criminals, and debtors received immigration passage and fees in reurn for a number of years at labor on behalf of a planter of company
☮ Servants enteredinto their contracts voluntarily and kepy some legal rights ☮ However, servants had little control over the conditions of their work and living arrangements; system led to harsh and brutal treatment |
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John Rolfe
1585-1622 |
☮ Englis colonist in Hamestown, Virginia
☮ Married Pocahontas ☮ Cerated process for curing tobacco,ensuring economic success for Jamestown |
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House of Burgesses
1619 |
☮ Representative assemby inVirginia
☮ Election to a seat was limited to voting memebers of the charter colony, whish at first was all free menn; later rules requited that a man own at least fifty acres of land to vote ☮ First representative house in America ☮ Instituted private ownership of land; maintined rights of colonists |
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First Families of Virginia
1600s |
Wealthy and socially prominent families inVirginia who by 1776 had been in America for four to five generations
☮ Included te Lees,Carters, and Fitzhugs |
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Headright System
1618 |
☮ Systemused by te Virginia Company to attract colonists; it promised them parcelsof land (roughly fifty acres) to emigrate toAmerica
☮ Also gave nearly fifty acres for each servant that a colonist brought, allowing the wealthy to obtain large tracts of land |
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The Separationists and Plymouth
1620 |
☮ _____ were Puritans who believed the Church of Englandwas beyond sacving and felt that they must separate from it
☮ One groupof ____ suffering government harassment fled to Holland, then to America ☮ Members ofthis group traveled on the Mayflower, they became known as Pilgrims, a term used for voyagers seeking to fufill a religious mission ☮ The Mayflower set sail from Plymouth, England, in September 1620 and landed in Provincetown Harbor, settling in what becamePlymouth, Massachusetts ☮ Before landing in the New Worl, the Pilgrims formed the Mayflower Compact whish provided for a government guided by the majority ☮ William Bradfor(1590-1657) sered as the Plymouth Colony's first governor |
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
1629 |
☮ Joint-stock company chartered by a group of Puritans escaping King James I
☮ Led by JohnWinthrop who taught that thenew colony should be a model Christian society ☮ Thse Puritans carefully organized their venture andupon arriving in Massachsetts didn't undergo the "starving time" that had often plagued other first year colonies ☮ The government of Massachusetts developed to include agovernor and a representative assembly |
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Delaware
1631 |
☮ Dutch patroons established the first settlement in Delaware
☮ That settlementwas destroyed by NAtive American attacks ☮ The Dutch West India Company andDutcmen including Peter Minuit began to trade and settle in ___ during the mid-to-late 1630s ☮ Between 1664 and 1674,___ switced between Dutc and Englishownership, endingwithEnglish ownership in 1674 |
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The Proprietors and Maryland
1630s |
☮ ____ owned colonies with direct responsibility to the king
☮ ___ were supposed to provide opportunity for Royal control and to decrease the practice of granting charters for charter colonies ☮ In practice, proprietary colonies turned out much like the carter colonies because settles insisted on self-government ☮ In 1632, under George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) Maryland became the first proprietary colony as a refuge forEnglish Catholics ☮ To protect the Catholic minority, Calvert's son encouraged religious toleration and established a reprentative assembly |
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Anne Hutchinson
1638 |
☮ Claimed to have had special revelations from God that superseded the Bible,contrary to Puritan doctrine
☮ The leadership of New England accused her of antinomain teachings; antinomianism is the belief that salvation is attined through faith and divine grace not through strict adherence to rules or moral laws ☮ ___ banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony ☮ With her followers, she founded Portsmouth in the Aquidneck region; Aquineck is now know as Rhode Island |
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Roger Williams and Rhode Island
1603-1683; 1644 |
☮ ___ was a Puritan preacher who fled Massachusetts adter his biews on religious observance became too ectreme for the colonists
☮ ____ bought land from the Native Americans and gounded Providence in 1636; it was soon popularized by his many followers ☮ Rhode Island formed as a combination of Providence, Portsmouth, and other settlement that had sprung up in te area ☮ Through ___,the colony granted complete religious toleration ☮ Tended to be populated by exiles and troublemakers and was sometimes called "Rougue's Island" ☮ Suffered constant political turmoil |
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Maryland Act of Toleration
1649 |
☮ Guaranteed religious freedom to all cCristians in Maryland
☮ Granted after aProtestant became governor ☮ Imporstant precedent for later characterization og the US and its Constitution |
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English Civil War
1642-1648 |
☮ Conflict was based in the struggle between King Charles I (son of King James I) and the English Parliament
☮ Charles claimed to rule by divine right; Parliament argued that its membership had rights that were separate from those granted to the king ☮ Parliament's members were mostly Puritan and had the backing ofthe merchant class and lesser land owners Wealthy nobles tended to support Charles I who opposed Puritans on wuestionsof religion ☮ Led to ourtight conflict between Royalist military forces and forces opposing Charles I |
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Connecticut
1662 |
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The Carolinas
1663 |
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New York and New Jersey
1664 |
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Quakers
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William Penn
1644-1718 |
☮Founded Pennsylvania as a refude for his fellow Quakers
☮___ advertised his colony widely in Europe and offered generous terms onland ☮Guaranteed a representative assembly and full religious freedom ☮Settlers flocked to Pennsylvania from all over Europe |
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Black Slaves in the 1600s
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☮Because slaves were only a small percentage of the population, they began almost on the same level as the indentured servants
☮later in the centure, African-Americans came to be seen as lifelong slaves whose status would be inherited by their children ☮Increased importation and population of African-Americansin the southern colonies began |
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John Locke and Natural Law
1632-1704 |
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Triangle Trade
(Atlantic Trade) 1600s |
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Navigation Acts
1650-1673 |
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Effects of the Navigation Acts
1650-1673 |
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Bacon's Rebellion
1676 |
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New Hampshire
1677 |
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Glorious Revolution
1688 |
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Half-Way Convent
1960s |
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Salem Witch Trials
1692 |
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Wool Act
1699 |
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The Enlightenment
1700s |
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Gerogia
1732 |
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John Peter Zenger
1697-1746 |
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The First Great Awakening
1720s-1740s |
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Effects of The Great Awakening
Post 1740s |
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Jonathan Edwards
1703-1758 |
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Albany Plan
1754 |
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French and Indian War
1748-1763 |
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William Pitt
1708-1778 |
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Treaty of Paris of 1763
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George Grenville
1712-1770 |
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Benjamin Franklin
1706-1790 |
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Writs of Assistance
1750s-1770s |
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Proclamation of 1763
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Sugar Act
1764 |
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Quartering Act
1765 |
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Stamp Act
1765 |
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Declaratory Act
1766 |
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Samuel Adams
1722-1803 |
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Stamp Act Congress
October 1765 |
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Townshend Acts
1767 |
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Virtual Representation
1770s |
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Boston Massacure
March 5, 1770 |
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