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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the organelles that play a role in biosynthesis.
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RIBOSOME make proteins, SMOOTH ER & ROUGH ER both make molecules like polysaccharides and lipids, the GOLGI BODIES package products of biosynthesis, CHLOROPLASTS involved in photosynthesis, LEUCOPLASTS store products of biosynthesis, NUCLEUS participates in the product of proteins through the DNA that it contains.
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What helps the cell hold its shape if it does not have a cell wall.
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CYTOSKELETON and the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM - help the cell hold its shape
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How does a plant cell fight osmosis in a hypotonic solution?
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CENTRAL VACUOLE that expands as the cell absorbs water. This causes TURGOR pressure in the cell which counteracts osmosis.
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A cell contains centrioles and lysosomes. Is it a plant or animal cell?
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ANIMAL CELL (plant cells do not have those organelles...some plants have centrioles, but not many)
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What organelles are involved in secretion? Don't worry about the biosynthesis necessary to get the secretion product. Just deal with the process AFTER the product is made.
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the secretion product must go to the GOLGI BODIES to be packaged - put in a SECRETION VESICLE - then must travel to the PLASMA MEMBRANE where it is released...if it has a CELL WALL, it must pass through that as well
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What things in the cell (not just organelles, but anything we have studied) deal with the cellular movement?
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CYTOPLASM does cytoplasmic streaming, SMOOTH ER and ROUGH ER deal with movement, the GOLGI BODIES package things for movement, SECRETION VESICLES and WASTE VACUOLES move things to the plasma membrance, CENTRIOLES produce microtubules which produce movement, and CYTOSKELETON as a whole is involved with movement.
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What are the 11 major tasks cells must perform?
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Absorption, Digestion, Respiration, Biosynthesis, Excretion, Egestion, Secretion, Movement, Irritability, Homeostasis, and Reproduction
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What is the plasma membrance made of?
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the plasma membrane is composed of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, CHOLESTEROL, and PROTEINS.
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What is the difference between a phospholipid and a regular lipid?
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PHOSPHOLIPID - has two fatty molecules and a small molecule with a phosphate group, REGULAR/NORMAL LIPID - just has 3 fatty acid molecules
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What makes it possible for the plasma membrance to self-assemble?
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Since the phospholipids have a HYDROPHILIC end and a HYDROPHOBIC end, they always "know" how to reassemble
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A cell begins running low on food, and its energy output decreases by 20%. What kind of plasma membrance transport (active or passive) is affected?
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ACTIVE transport requires energy from the cell, whereas passive transport does not. Thus the ACTIVE transport would slow down.
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Memorize Figure 6.7 on page 178 - be able to identify/label all the parts
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Memorize Figure 6.7 on page 178 - be able to identify/label all the parts
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If a cell dies by implosion, what kind of solution (isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic) was it in?
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HYPERTONIC SOLUTION - since it died by implision, the cell lost water. Water is lost by osmosis when the cell is in a solution which has a higher concentration of solutes than the inside of the cell.
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List the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration in the order in which they occur. In addition, note the net number of ATPs that are made in each step.
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GLYCOLYSIS (two ATPs), the formation of ACETYL COENZYME A (no ATPs), the KREBS CYCLE (two ATPs), and the ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM (32 ATPs)
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What is ATPs purpose in the cell?
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ATP supplies a package for the energy produced in cellular respiration. It releases its energy gently, so that the energy does not destroy the cell.
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If a cell has no oxygen, what stage(s) of aerobic cellular respiration can still run? How many ATPs can it make from a molecule of glucose?
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the only cell that can run is GLYCOLSIS. After that, the cell forms LACTIC ACID of alcohol with the products. The cell can only make TWO ATPs per molecule of glucose this way
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A scientist determines a means to extract all ADP from a cell. Why will this kill the cell?
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with no ADP, the cell will not be able to make ATP in which to store the energy from cellular respiration. Thus, the cell could make energy, but it could never use the energy!
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What organelle is responsible for breaking polysacchrides into monosacchrides?
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LYSOSOME performs hydrolysis which breaks down large molecules (like polysaccarides) into small molecules (like monosaccharides)
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