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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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agricultural density
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the ration of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
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agricultural revolution
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the time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
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arithmetic desity
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the total number of people divided by the total land area
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census
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a complete enumeration of a population
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crude birth rate (CBR)
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the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
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crude death rate (CDR)
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the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society
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demographic transition
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the process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population
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dependency ratio
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the number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
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doubling time
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the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
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ecumene
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the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
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epidemiologic transition
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distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
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epidemiology
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branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality
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industrial revolution
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a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
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infant mortality rate (IMR)
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the total number of deaths in a year among the infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society
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life expectancy
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the average number of ears an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical condition; life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can be expected to live
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medical revolution
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medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer continents of Latin America, Asia, and Africa; improved medical practices have eliminated may of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives
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natural increase rate (NIR)
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the percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the CBR minus the CDR
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overpopulation
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the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
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pandemic
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disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
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physiological density
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the number of people per unit of area of arable land
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population pyramid
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a bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex
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sex ratio
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the number of males per 100 females in the population
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total fertility rate (TFR)
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the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
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zero population growth (ZPG)
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a decline of the TFR to the point where the NIR equals zero
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