Apes Chapter 17

Front 1

Active Solar Heating System. 395

Back 1

absorbs heat from the sun by pumping heat absorbing fluid through special collectors usually mounted on rooftops.

Front 2

Animal Manure. 404

Back 2

animal poop that is collected and burned, or converted into biofuels. it is also a good fertilizers

Front 3

Biobots. 412

Back 3

molecular robots that can be programed to produce hydrogen, and/or to remove and sequester (isolate) CO2 in the atmosphere.

Front 4

biodiesel. 407

Back 4

a diesel fuel made by combining alcohol and vegetable oil extracted from renewable resources.

Front 5

biofuels. 403

Back 5

gaseous or liquid conversion of biomass, that can be used to produce energy.

Front 6

biomass. 403

Back 6

diverse source of energy that consists of organic plant materials, such as wood and/or agricultural wastes, and animal wastes that can be burned or turned into liquid or gaseous biofuels.

Front 7

biomass plantations. 404

Back 7

large plantations of crops that can be used to create biomass. to be converted into biofuels.

Front 8

cellulosic ethanol. 406

Back 8

using bacteria, the cellulose and lignin in certain plants into starches, that can be fermented by other bacteria to produce ethanol.

Front 9

central receiver system. 397

Back 9

a power tower in a solar thermal system. it is a central heat collector tower, that the sunlight is reflected towards by heliostats.(see other flash-card)

Front 10

coal burning power-plant. 386

Back 10

a power plant that burns coal to produce energy. two thirds of the energy made by burning coal ends up as waste heat in the environment.

Front 11

cogeneration. 387

Back 11

when two useful forms of energy (such as steam and/or electricity) are produced from the same fuel source. this saves energy and money.

Front 12

combined heat and power systems (CHP). 387

Back 12

see cogeneration.

Front 13

Corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards. 387

Back 13

between 1973-85, the average fuel efficiency sharply rose in the USA car industry... because of government mandated standards (CAFE)

Front 14

crop residues. 404

Back 14

left over materials from crops that can be collected and burned or converted into biofuels. to produce heat and energy.

Front 15

dry steam. 409

Back 15

a hydrothermal reservoir, that uses dry steam and water vapor, but no water droplets.

Front 16

earth tubes. 396

Back 16

a tube is placed underground, it collects cool geothermal energy and pumps cool air into the house. it's expensive.

Front 17

energy conservation. 385

Back 17

reducing or eliminating the unnecessary waste of energy.

Front 18

energy efficiency. 385

Back 18

using less energy to do more.

Front 19

energy-efficient diesel car. 390

Back 19

has lower fuel economies than most other cars, such as gasoline/electronic hybrid cars. however, produce more air pollution.

Front 20

ethanol. 405

Back 20

a liquid biofuel that can help replace gasoline and diesel fuels.

Front 21

fuel cells. 384

Back 21

can be used to heat/cool, and power your house and car. they run on hydrogen gas that comes from renewable energy sources.

Front 22

fuelwood crisis. 404

Back 22

in certain countries the wood is not abundant enough, and they harvest the wood faster than it can be replenished, creating a lack of wood.

Front 23

gasohol. 406

Back 23

made from gasoline mixed with 10-20% pure ethanol. can be burned in conventional gasoline engines.

Front 24

geothermal energy. 409

Back 24

the heat stored in soil, underground rocks, and fluid in the earths mantle. it is converted into usable energy.

Front 25

geothermal heat pump. 409

Back 25

part of a system that can heat and cool a house, by exploiting the difference between the earth's surface and underground temperatures, at a depth of about 2 meters, almost anywhere in the world.

Front 26

green roofs. 392

Back 26

roofs covered with plants. they save energy, because they hold water better than conventional rooftops.

Front 27

heat bulb. 386

Back 27

another term for the conventional incandescent light-bulbs, which waste 95% of their energy in form of heat.

Front 28

heliostats. 397

Back 28

computer controlled mirrors, that track the sun, and focus sunlight on a central heating tower. see central receiver systems

Front 29

hot water. 409

Back 29

type of hydro thermal reservoir- that utilizes the heat stored in hot water, found within the earths crust.

Front 30

hybrid car. 389

Back 30

a car that uses both electric and gasoline motors allowing for better fuel efficiency.

Front 31

hydropower. 400

Back 31

the electricity made from water flow, by making it spin turbines as it travels from high to low elevations.

Front 32

hydrothermal reservoirs. 409

Back 32

see: dry steam, wet steam, and hot water.

Front 33

incandescent light-bulb. 386

Back 33

a light-bulb that uses only 5% it draws to create light. 95% being wasted as heat. see: heat light-bulb

Front 34

internal combustion engine. 386

Back 34

a motor that wastes 94% of energy in its fuel. it is a regular car engine.

Front 35

large-scale hydropower. 400

Back 35

---- see last chapter

Front 36

living roofs. 392

Back 36

see green roofs.

Front 37

methanol. 408

Back 37

made mostly from natural gas. it is a fossil fuel.

Front 38

methanol economy. 408

Back 38

economy based on methanol. theorized to be better than hydrogen economy. by making methanol from the CO2 in the air, we will reduce global warming/pollution rates and also be able to create more fuels.

Front 39

micro-hydrogenerators. 401

Back 39

small water power generators, the size of a suitcase that are placed in rivers and streams. they are cheap and have very little environmental problems.

Front 40

net energy. 386

Back 40

the total amount of energy made from a source, minus the amount of energy wasted in refining the source etc...

Front 41

net energy efficiency. 386

Back 41

the efficiency of a substance to produce energy... see net energy.

Front 42

nuclear power plant. 386

Back 42

wastes 86% of the energy, and probably 92% when we include the energy needed to deal with the radioactive waste.