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168 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Some ribosomes are attached to the
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
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Really long water intoxication
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osmosis from the hypotonic solution to the hypertonic one
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Toxic substances are removed from the cells by the
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SER
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The cell's DNA is located in the
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nucleus
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Chromosomes are mostly made of
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Proteins and DNA
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Your cell membranes as well as all cell membranes are
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selectively permeable
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A solution that contains a lower concentration of a solute than the cytoplasm of a cell is called
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hypotonic
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If a substance moves against its concentration gradient it means that it moves from ___ concentration to ___ concentration
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low, high
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A red blood cell placed in pure water would
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swell and burst
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the plasma membrane is
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phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell
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Structures hat are fingerlike projections that increase the obsorbing surface of cells
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microvilli
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If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrance is impermiable, the cell will
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show no chane
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fluid intercellular material
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cytoplasm
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once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole what happens
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a lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the material
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one of the following is the function of a membrane protein
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to form a lipid bilayer
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to detoxify substances by enzymatic action
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peroxisomes
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Remember DNA duplicatoin? the name of the phase where it happens is
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Interphase
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the basic structuraland functional unit of life
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the cell
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the main component of the cytosol is
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water
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the function of centrioles is
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to organize the spindle fibers
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Crenation is likely to occur in blood cells in
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a hypertonic solution
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Rod-shaped bodies that contain genes
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chromosomes
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the cell membrane is made of
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bilayer of phospholipids with some proteins embedded in it
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you are lost and starving in a desert, in order for your brain to obtain enough energy to stay alive, it begins to digest some of its own less essential components. the organelle responsible for this self digestion is
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lysosome
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the more active a cell is the more ___ it contains
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mitocondria
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Lysosomes are made by
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golgi apparatus
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the ___ (which are present in animal cellsbut not in plant cels) are mde of tubulin
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centroiles
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the arrangement of microtubules in a centroile is
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9 triplets ina circle
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they have the same arangement for the microtubules
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cilia and flagella
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the modification of proteins occurs in the
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RER
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The ribosomes are produced by the
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Nucleolus
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The ___ controls the cell activities
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Nucleus
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It produces lipids
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SER
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they contain digestive enzymes
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Lysosomes
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The __ protiens are deeply embedded in the bilayer of __
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integral, phospholipids
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they are made of the protiens actin and myosin
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microfilaments
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the movement of oxygen molecules from high to low concentration of them across a cell membrane
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simple diffusion
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water entering a red blood cell place in distilled water is an example of
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osmosis
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pumping of molecules out of a cell from low to high concentration with the help of a carrier is named
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active transport
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exocytosis of wastes (byproducts) is called
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excretion
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when an amoeba encloses a bacterium in a vesicle
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Phagocytosis
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process that involves the participation of receptors and the production of vesicles to input materials in the cell
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receptor-mediated endocytosis
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and enzyme destroys the actin molecules of a cell. as a consequence, the cell
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will not be able to move
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they are very scarce when present
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flagella
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they are hydrophobic
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the tails of phospholipids
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it requires ATPs
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active transport
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the two phases where chromatin fibers (not chromosomes) are present
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prophase-telophase
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the chromasomic units attached to each other are named
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sister chromatids
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the region of attachment between chromosomic units is named ____
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centromier
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What is a diploid cell: N=5,N=6, 2N=7, 2N=8
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2n=8
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chromosomes are on their way towards the equator during
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prophase
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teh sequence of phases in mitosis is
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pro, meta, ana, telo
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duplication of chromatin fibers and dna occurs specifically in
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subphase S
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the nuclear membrane appears during
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telophase
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a haploid cell of 5 chromosomes is in prophase. the cell then has
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10 chromatids
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a 2n=28 cell in prophase has
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14 pairs of double chromosomes
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the duplication of centroiles ends specifically in
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subphase G2
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whenyou were an embryo, your brain cells reproduced by
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mitotic division
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the production of your gametes is by
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meiotic division
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on difference between mitotic and meiotic is that in the mitotic ___ and in meiotic ___
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there are two daughter cells produced, there are four daughter cells produced
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each set of ___ in DNA or in mRNA is known as a __
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amino acids, codon
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cytokinesis in animal cells involves a __
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cytoplasmic furrow
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the synthesis of mRNA by a strand of DNA is named
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transcription
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it provides energy to activate the amino acids
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ATP
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the spliceosome cuts out the __ and reattaches the ___
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introns, exons
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it takes place in the cytoplasm: translation, initiation, elongation transcription
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translation
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an incoming tRNA(to the mRNA) with the activated amino acid enters directly in the
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P site
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the very first codon in mRNA is
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MET
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The anticodon UUU has the complementary (matching) codon __ in mRNA and the complentary codon __ in DNA
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AAA,TTT
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you find __ inside the capsid
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RNAs
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Codon is to __ as anticodon is to __
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mRNA, tRNA
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one of the following is true in teh production of three different polypeptides
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there were three different mRNAs
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The useless sequence of nucleotides is called
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introns
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the growing polypeptide slides to the __ in order to leave the __ opened
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P site, A site
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in the activatoin of an amino acid, the enzyme involved is
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aminaocyl-tRNA synthesis
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the part of the process of adding amino acids to the chain of amino acids is called
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elongation
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the RNA polymerase uses a __ strand to make __ giving it an exact sequence of __
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DNA, mRNA, codons
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the capsid of the HIV is made of
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p-24 protein
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AIDS virus is called retrovirus because the presence and action of
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twin RNAs
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Aids stand for
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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the first tyhpe of cell the HIV invades is
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helper T-cell
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the reverse transcriptase make single-stranded __ molecules
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DNA
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ther reverse transcriptases use the __ to make DNAs
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twin RNA's
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The AIDS pt has a __ du to the reduced count of __
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weak immune system, white blood cells
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the capsules are directly produced inside the hose by the
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reverse transcriptases
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the HIV obtains its lipid membrane from
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the cell membrane of the T-cell
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this is the protein that attaches directly to the host receptor
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gp-120
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This one goes last in the replication of the HIV
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twin RNAs with associated reverse transcriptasees go inside the capsid
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the most external molecule in the HIV is the
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gp120
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the proviurs make __ and __
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twin RNA and mRNA
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the viral mRNA make
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proteins of the capsul and reverse transcriptase
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made of prokaryotic cells
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bacteria
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the cellulare material found inside the nucleus is called the
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nucleoplasm
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membranous structure that stores food molecules of pigments
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vacuole
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one of the following is not found in plant cells
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centrioles
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the cellular material surrounding the nucleus is called the
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cytoplasm
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the organelle involved in cellular respiration
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mitochondria
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the participate directly in protien synthesis in the cytoplasm
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ribosomes
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it uses a template of DNA to do transcription
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RNA polymerase
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containing a membrane
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mitochondrion
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the viral mRNA make
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proteins of the capsul and reverse transcriptase
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made of prokaryotic cells
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bacteria
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the cellulare material found inside the nucleus is called the
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nucleoplasm
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membranous structure that stores food molecules of pigments
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vacuole
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one of the following is not found in plant cells
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centrioles
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the cellular material surrounding the nucleus is called the
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cytoplasm
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the organelle involved in cellular respiration
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mitochondria
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the participate directly in protien synthesis in the cytoplasm
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ribosomes
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it uses a template of DNA to do transcription
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RNA polymerase
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containing a membrane
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mitochondrion
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these are made of proteins and mucleic acids only
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chromatin fibers
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the chemical composition of lysosomes is __ and __
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lipids and proteins
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if yoru brain cells are lazy, they are not using much
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ATP
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it has pres for communication
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nuclear membrane
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the arrangement of microtubules in a cilium is
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9 pairs in a circle and a pair in the center
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short and numberous
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cilia
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temporary cytoplasmic projections for movement
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pseudopods
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chromatin fibers are found in the
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nucleoplasm
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if a side A of a solution is 10% startch and it is seperated by a membrane to side b which is 20% the isotonic solution would be
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15%
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when your skin cells reproduce, your parental cells will be in prohpase as
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2n=46 chromatids
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chromasomes are on their way towards the equator during
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prophase
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the sequence of phases in mitotic division is
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inter, pro, meta, ana
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nuclear membrane appears during
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telophase
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a haploid cell of 4 chromosomes is in prophase, then the cell has
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8 chromatids
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a 2n=18 cell in prophase has
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9 pairs of double chromosomes
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the duplication of centroiles ends specifically in
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phase G2
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deep in your skin your cells reproduce by
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mitotic division
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the production of your sperm cell sor ova is by
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meotic division
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cytokinesis in your cells involves a
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cytoplasmic furrow
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production of mRNa is called
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transcription
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the production of polypeptide is called
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translation
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each set of __ in DNA or in mRNA is known as a __
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amino acids, codon
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the step in coupling of a ribosome with mRNA is specifically part of
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initiation
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an incoming tRNA to the mRNA with the activated amino acid enters directly in the
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p site
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suppose there is a mutation (change) in dna the immediate consequence of it will be
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translatoin
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the kid has a genetic disease. this means that one or more __ are going to be wrong in their chemical composition
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nucleic acids
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the growing polypeptide slides to the __ in order to leave the ___ opened
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p site, a site
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in the activation of amino acid, the enzyme involved is
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aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
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the capsule of the HIV is made of
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gp-120, p-18, p-24
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the capsid is made of
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p-24
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The capsuls are directly produced inside the host by the
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viral mRNA
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the most internal molecule of the HIV is
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p-24
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the provirus makes
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mRNA and twin RNA
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containing a membrane
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mitochondrion
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the ___ are made mostly of lipids, proteins and digestive enzymes
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lysosomes
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these are made of proteins and rna only
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nucleolus and ribosomes
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the __ makes ribosomes
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nucleolus
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made of mictubules
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centrioles and cilia
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it is made of flat sacs
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golgi apparatus
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the __ proteins are found on the surface of the bilayer of __
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peripheral, phospholipids
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movement of sodium ions from low to high concentration f them accros a cell membrane
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active transport
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movement of molecules from high to low concentration of them with the assistance of a carrier
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facilitated transport
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entrance of a particle into the cell by means of the production of a vesicle
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endocytosis
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they are hyrdorpholic
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the heads of phospholipids
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atps are used in large quantities during
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active transport
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phases where chromosomes are visible
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prophase and metaphase
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the regions of attachment between chromasomic units split during
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anaphase
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one of the follwoing is a haploid cell
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n=5
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chromosomes are on their way towards opposite poles during
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anaphase
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the duplictaion of dna molecules occurs specifically in
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phase S
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nuclear membrane disappears during
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prophase
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a haploid cell of 10 chromosomes is in prophase. the cell thn has
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20 chromatids
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a 2n=18 cell in prophase has
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9 pairs of double chromosomes
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the duplicatoin of centrioles starts specifically in
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phase G1
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the cytokinesis in your stomach cells inolves
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cytoplasmic furrow
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the protien synthesis is actually the production of a
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polypeptide
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the very first codon in mRNA is
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AUG
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the HIV doesnt attack
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red blood cels
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