Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Mary Leakey
|
Discovered Homo Habilus, smaller skull, bigger brain and uses tools
|
|
|
Donald Johansen
|
Found "Lucy" first full australopithecus
|
|
|
Hominid
|
primate that walks on two feet
|
|
|
Australopithecine
|
Earliest Hominids
|
|
|
Neanderthal
|
Rivals to homo sapiens, Ice Age
|
|
|
Neanderthal Culture
|
Burials, clothing, stone tools
|
|
|
Homo Sapiens Sapiens
|
That's Us!
|
|
|
Neolithic/Agricultural Revolution
|
First of three agricultural revolutions, when many stopped being nomadic, started farming -- created permanent stationary communities -- Population Boom
|
|
|
River Systems/Locations and Importance
|
Yellow River in China, Fertile Crescent in Middle East, Indus river Valley --- Provided life to early civs
|
|
|
Ur
|
Important sumerian city state
|
|
|
Social Classes of Mesopotamian Society
|
Priests, Kings, Artisans, farmers
Scribes -- Social Mobility |
|
|
Jericho
|
Mesopotamian city that had walls, earthquake fault, they fell
|
|
|
Babylon
|
One of the wealthiest cities in ancient mesopotamia, often capital of various conquerers' empires
|
|
|
Assyrians
|
- Powerful army
- Most lethal fighting force in the Middle East - Developed siegecraft - Put down revolts harshly |
|
|
Phoenicians
|
Confederation of seafarers with widely adopted alphabet
|
|
|
Ziggurat
|
Center of early mesopotamian cities
|
|
|
Mesopotamian Temples
|
Social and religious center
|
|
|
Egypt
|
Their own culture, worshipped emperor as divine
a d20! <3 |
|
|
Mesopotamia
|
Middle Eastern Area, contained fertile crescent
|
|
|
Sargon
|
Leader of Akkadians
First empire |
|
|
Akkadia
|
First Empire, Jewish, 2300 BCE - lasted until 2000 BCE
|
|
|
Mandate of Heaven
|
God would choose the next emperor as old one grew corrupt
|
|
|
Vedas, Upashinads
|
Religious base for hinduism, outlined concept of Dharma (duty), and theoretical texts
|
|
|
Mahabharata
|
Outlined life of hinduist
|
|
|
Aryans
|
Invaded India, founded Hinduist culture
|
|
|
Hinduism
|
Oldest major religion, mostly in India/Asia
|
|
|
Buddhism
|
Philosophy/religion hybrid -- spread to most asian countries
|
|
|
The Caste System
|
Brahmins (Priests)
Khsatriyas (Warriors) Vaishyas (Merchants) Shudras (Servants) Pariahs (Untouchables) |
|
|
Harappa
|
Indus Valley, modern Pakistan, 4000 BCE to 1000 BCE
Plumbing! Standards of Measurement! Fancy Burials! Domesticated Elephants! |
|
|
Mohenjo-Daro
|
Multiple Civilizations on top of area, similar to Harappa
BIG BATH! |
|
|
Ashoka
|
Indian ruler, Conquered much (did some nasty stuff),
Buddhistified, did good things, part of Gupta Dynasty |
|
|
Chandragupta I
|
Kicked off Gupta dynasty - First golden age of India
|
|
|
Zhou
|
Iron tools, organization, horses, filial piety, Daoism, Confucian Philosopy --- Early China Civ
|
|
|
Effects of Feudalism
|
Decentralization, squabbles among warlords, Dark ages between empires
|
|
|
The Qin
|
Barbarians that were recruited to fight off barbs, took over people who recruited after barbs defeated
|
|
|
The Han
|
Golden Age of China, Peasant guy became founder of Han Dynasty (Gao Zu)
Got rid of legalists, had confucian scholars as governors, expanded and made the silk road, Women few rights |
|
|
Confucius
|
Scholar that wrote on how to have perfect harmony and government
Feudalism, complacency, acceptance, patriarchy |
|
|
Daoism (Taoism)
|
Government is unnatural - denounce ambition
Also usually accepting of their place in society |
|
|
Legalism
|
Man is evil
Many laws harsh punishments |
|
|
Han Wu ti
|
Most famous han emperor, did lots of useful stuff
Went crazy, made terra cotta army |
|
|
Confucian
|
Feudalism, complacency, acceptance, patriarchy
|
|
|
Confucian Scholars
|
Educated, courteous, dignified, knowledgeable
ANYONE could become one Ushered in a golden age of chinese science |
|
|
Filial Piety
|
loyalty to your family also loyalty to your superiors and inferiors -- complex relationship
|
|
|
Chinese Civil Service
|
Roads, canals, the university
|
|
|
Development of Democracy in Greece
|
Fought against Tyranny, Oligarchy failed as well in some parts, so democracy was tried
|
|
|
Draco
|
Harsh tyrant, very strict laws
|
|
|
Solon
|
Fights social unrest by canceling debts, granting amnesty, getting rid of draconian laws
|
|
|
Pericles
|
Abused power of Delian League -- Leader of athens in Peloponnesian war
|
|
|
Plato
|
Philosopher who didn't like Democracy
Favored Sparta A skeptic |
|
|
Aristotle
|
Logic
Not a skeptic Made groundbreaking advances in fields Dominant Science authority for many years |
|
|
Socrates
|
Philosopher who was used as a scapegoat
Questioning everything Democracy good |
|
|
Greek Philosophy
|
Advanced and theoretical
Examined Man's place in world |
|
|
Impact of Alexander the Great
|
Created a hellenistic culture, mixed stuff with middle east
|
|
|
Hellenistic Culture
|
Heliocentric theory, geometry, algebra, pulleys
|
|
|
Carthage
|
Rival Western Mediterranean Power to Rome
|
|
|
Punic Wars
|
3 Wars in which Rome pwned Carthage
|
|
|
Roman Empire
|
Massive empire, dominated trade, engineering, etc
|
|
|
Pax Romana
|
Roman Peace, large scale peace, no wars
|
|
|
Fall of Rome
|
Combination of internal decay and decentralization and outside barbarian invasions
|
|
|
Barbarians
|
Franks, Huns, Gauls, Non-Romans
|
|
|
Impact of Christianity
|
Destabilized Rome, caused shift in beliefs Poor wanted more
|
|
|
Islam
|
Major monotheism, worships Allah and prophet Muhammad -- Middle East
|
|
|
Muhammad
|
Prophet of Islam
|
|
|
5 Pillars
|
Main 5 things in Islam
|
|
|
Suni and Shi'a
|
sunni
- Followers of the way - Majority of muslims - Caliphs as political leaders sh’ia - Only descendants of Ali and Fatima could be caliphs - Spiritual leadership, marytrdom, flagellants - Most in modern Iran |
|
|
Spread of Islam
|
Super Fast - Moors conquering everybody
|
|
|
Caliphate and Empires
|
Islamic State led by political leader who was supposedly a prophet like Muhammad
|
|
|
Medical Advances
|
Consolidated all of the lost greek knowledge
|
|
|
Science
|
Modern trigonometry, advances in optics and astronomy
|
|
|
Ghana
|
sub-Saharan africa state
|
|
|
Mali
|
Gold
Salt $$ built on military power and dynastic alliances broke away from Ghana in the thirteenth century agricultural |
|
|
Songhai
|
niger valley
buddies with mali defeated and made not dominant in 1500's |
|
|
Ethiopia
|
North african
stayed christian |
|
|
Bantu Migrations
|
The Bantu moved down southern africa
|
|
|
African Stateless Societies
|
tribes without real political organization
|
|
|
Constantinople
|
Capitol of Eastern half of Roman Empire
|
|
|
Justinian
|
Tried to expand his empire so that it was like the golden age of Rome. Stopped by the black plague
|
|
|
Theodora
|
Justinian's wife
Ancient stripper Also really smart |
|
|
Justinian's code
|
His attempt to gather previous Roman laws into one place
|
|
|
Kiev
|
Trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century
|
|
|
Yaroslav
|
Last of the great Kievan princes
|
|
|
Orthodox Church
|
Russian branch of Christianity
|
|
|
Cyril and Methodius
|
Missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe to Orthodox
|
|
|
Mongols
|
Barbarians on horses
Made biggest ever empire |
|
|
Pax Mongolia
|
There was no one left for them to conquer
|
|
|
Turks
|
People that lived in turkey
|
|
|
Seljuk
|
Sunnni muslim empire that gradually adopted Persian culture
|
|
|
Ottoman
|
islamic group
|
|
|
Medieval Europe
|
Little warring states
Poor people Monasteries centers of education Barbarian princes |
|
|
Concordat of Worms
|
Do churches or kings appoint bishops?
Churches |
|
|
Feudalism
|
Peasants get protection by a lord and pay taxes for it
|
|
|
Manorialism
|
When lords tried to make self sustaining, separate economies
Fairly unsuccessful |
|
|
The Crusades
|
Christians try to kill everyone
Middle ages |
|
|
Magna Carta
|
Limited power of english king
Basis for American Constitution |
|
|
Parliament
|
Make the laws in England
Shared power with king |
|
|
The Plague
|
The Black Death
Killed half of Europe |
|
|
Hastings
|
King Harold Killed by William the Conquerer
|
|
|
Hundred years war
|
Get the brits out of France!
|
|
|
Inquisition
|
Spanish religious purge
The christians kill everyone again |
|
|
Reconquista
|
Spain takes back its land from moors
|
|
|
The Great Schism
|
The Christians split up into Roman Catholic and Orthodox
|
|
|
Meso America
|
Middle section of Americas
Pre Español |
|
|
Toltec
|
Big culture
Influenced much america Fall 1150 |
|
|
Chavin
|
Isolated South American culture
|
|
|
Maya
|
Meso american people
Influenced by olmecs |
|
|
Aztec
|
War Based culture
Complex society Muthafuckin man made islands Thought their god would return That year spanish showed up Smallpox killed them |
|
|
Inca
|
Andes-based empire
Very well organized |
|
|
Japanese feudalism
|
Levels
Like castes Shoguns --> Daimyo --> Samurai --> Peasant Similar to filial piety in a way |
|
|
Shogunate
|
Where the Shogun Things Are
|
|
|
Ming China
|
1368- 1644
Forbidden City Direct rule Modernized law Manchu roughed em up |
|
|
Zheng He
|
Explorer
Got the Chinese some taters Explored Americas |
|
|
Tokugawa Shogunate
|
last feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1600 and 1868
|
