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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did the breakdown of the Zhou's Dynasty's ability to control is vassals in the 8th century lead to? |
a long period of political conflict and social turmoil throughout china |
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what things were wrong with china? |
*in the yellow and yangtze river basins, many states rose and fell, trying to seek to replace the zhou as the permanent power in east asia *chinses expansions to the south and west created periodic instability as local people tried to defend themselves *internal conflict left china vulnerable to outside invaders *nomadic people raided the farming areas and settled down |
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shi huangdi |
founder of the brief Qin dynasty in 221 BCE answered the yearn for unity and an end to civil strife, brutal leader |
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qin |
dynasty founded by chi huangdi, it vanished all its rivals, promised to an end to the centuries of strife---2 peasants led revolt that ended the dynasty in 207 BCE |
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han |
chinese dynasty that succeeded the qin in 202 BCE, ruled for the next 400 years |
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what were some achievements of the han dynasty? |
*unity was established in old core regions *chinese political control was greatly extended in all directions *was the largest, more effective, and most enduring bureaucracy in the preindustrial world *they oversaw the development of the first a vil service examinations and the professionalizaton of chinese administration |
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china generated the first ____ |
of the great classical societies |
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results of china's isolation: |
*limited ability to learn from other cultures *Spared its frequent invasion *encouraged an intense and distinctive chinese identity |
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dao " the way of nature" |
a way that every individual should seek to relate to this harmony, avoiding excess and appreciating the balance of opposites |
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what did the zhou dynasty feature? |
decentralized politics but important cultural innovations |
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what did later dynasties emphasize? |
order and centralization |
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zhou |
overthrew the shang and established second historical chinese dynasty that flourished 1122-256 BCE |
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problems of zhou dynasty |
*decline in political infrastructure and frequent invasions by nomadic people *didnt establish a powerful government *ruled instead through alliances with regional princes and noble families |
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achievements of zhou dynasty |
*extended the territory of china by encouraging settlers to move into the yangtze river (and huanghe)--MIDDLE KINGDOM *it provided rich agricultural lands *heightened the focus on the central government *mandate of heaven *cultural unity |
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confucius |
a philosopher who wrote an elaborate statement on political ethics, providing the core of chinas distinctive philosophical herriage |
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great wall |
chinese defensive fortification intended to keep out the nomadic invaders from the north, initiated during the qin dynasty and reign of chi huangdi |
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what are the hallmarks of classical chinese politics? |
*the power of the emperor *the development of a bureaucracy *the expansion of state functions |
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what did the chinese culture feature? |
the development of the confucian system |
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what complemented confucianism? |
daoism, a distinctive science, and artistic traditions |
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explain daoism: |
it embraced traditional chinese beliefs and natures harmony and added a sense of natures mystery |
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what did china's economy feature? |
extensive internal trade and important technological innovations |
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what did chinas family system stress |
a rigid patriarchy |
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as in many agricultural societies, what developed in china? |
considerable gaps between chinas upper class, which controlled large land estates and the masses, farmer peasants who produced little more than what was needed for their own subsistence |
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three main social groups of china |
*landowning aristocracy and the educated bureaucrats or mandarins *laboring masses: peasants and urban artisans who manufactured goods *mean people: general category identified as applying to those without meaningful skills |
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when was trade important |
zhou and han dynasties |
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what did chinese civilizatons coordinate |
many aspects of politics and culture, a key reason that emperors ultimately encouraged confucianism |
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what was closely related to larger institutions and values |
family structures |
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silk road |
trading and communication |
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Daoists beliefs: |
-avoid excess -appreciate balance of opposites
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Accomplishments of Shi Hunagdi: |
-undid power of regional leaders -nobles brought to emperor's home -officials selected from non aristocratic groups -territory-->south -great wall -attacked old culture |
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Shi Hunadgi's Innovations: |
-national census -standardized currency, measures, language -irrigation projects -promoted manufacturing
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Han Dynasty period of peace: |
Wu Ti |
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Strong Central Government: |
-Qin stressed unquestioned central authority -Han-expanded bureaucracy |
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Explain Legalism: |
-govt force -humans are evil |
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Five Classics: |
-speeches -songs -poems -etiquette -politcal materials |
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Technological Advances: |
-agriculture**** -ox-drawn plow -production methods increase -paper |
