Ap World History Chapter 17

Front 1

How the Renaissance emphasized new styles?

Back 1

-the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic response to it caused wider changes in the west

-the western european economy became steadily more commercial

Front 2

Niccolo Machiavelli

Back 2

author of "the prince", emphasized realistic discussions of how to seize and maintain power, one of the more influential authors of the Italian Renaissance

Front 3

humanism

Back 3

focus on humankind as center of intellectual and artistic endeavor, method of study that emphasized the superiority of forms over medieval styles

Front 4

Northern Renaissance

Back 4

cultural and intellectual movement of N Europe, began later than Italian Renaissance, featured greater emphasis on religion than Italian Renaissance

Front 5

Francis I

Back 5

king of france, regarded as Renaissance monarch, patron of arts, imposed new controls on Catholic church, ally of Ottoman's sultan against Holy Roman emperor

Front 6

Johannes Gutenberg

Back 6

introduced movable type to west Europe in 15th century, credited with greatly expanded availability of printed books and pamphlets

Front 7

Renaissance merchants:

Back 7

improved their banking techniques and became more openly profit-seeking

Front 8

European- style family

Back 8

originated in 15th century among peasants and artisans of western Europe, featuring late marriage age, emphasis on the nuclear family, and a large minority who never married

Front 9

goals of european style family

Back 9

limit family birth rates

Front 10

Martin Luther

Back 10

german monk, initiated Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing 95 these to door of Wittenburg Church, emphasized primacy of faith over works stressed in Catholic Church, accepted state control of church

Front 11

Protestantism

Back 11

general wave of religious dissent against Catholic Church, began with Martin Luther's attack on Catholic belief, various beliefs

Front 12

Anglican Church

Back 12

form of Protestantism set up in England, established by Henry VII (head)

Front 13

Jean Calvin

Back 13

French Protestant who stressed doctrine of predestination, encouraged ideas of wider access to govt and public education

Front 14

Catholic Reformation

Back 14

restatement of traditional Catholic beliefs in response to Protestant Reformation, established councils that revived Catholic doctrine and refuted Protestant beliefs

Front 15

Jesuits

Back 15

a new religious order founded during the Catholic Reformation, active in politics, education, and missionary work, sponsored missions to South America, NA, and asia

Front 16

Result of Protestant and Catholic Reformations

Back 16

Series of religious wars

Front 17

Galileo

Back 17

Published Copernicus' findings, added own discoveries concerning laws of gravity and planetary motion, disliked by Catholics

Front 18

William Harvey

Back 18

English physician who demonstrated circular movement of blood in animals, function of the heart is a pump

Front 19

Rene Descartes

Back 19

Established importance of skeptical review of all received wisdom, argued that human reason could then develop laws that would explain the fundamental workings of nature

Front 20

Issac Newton

Back 20

English scientist, astronomical/physical observations of natural laws (motion/gravity)

Front 21

Deism

Back 21

Concept of God current during the Scientific Revoltuon, role of divinity was to set natural laws in motion, not to regulate once process was begun

Front 22

Edict of Nantes

Back 22

Grant of tolerance to Protestants in France in 1598, granted only after lengthy war between Catholic and Protestant factions

Front 23

Thirty Years War

Back 23

War within Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and Spain--> treaty of Westphalia

Front 24

Treaty of Westphali

Back 24

Ended thirty years war, granted right to individual rules within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their religion

Front 25

English civil war

Back 25

Religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy

Front 26

Proletariat

Back 26

Class of working people without access to producing property

Front 27

Witchcraft persecution

Back 27

Reflected resentment against poor in Europe

Front 28

Scientific Revolution

Back 28

In 17th century, period of empirical advances associated with the developements of wider generalizations---> changes in beliefs in Middle Ages

Front 29

What kind of givt developed during the scientific revolution

Back 29

Centered on the emergence of the nationstate

Front 30

Copernicus

Back 30

Polish monk and astronomer, disproved Hellenistic belief that the earth was the center of the universe

Front 31

Galileo

Back 31

published Copernicus's findings, added own discovereries concerning laws of gravity and planentary motion, disliked by Catholics

Front 32

William Harvey

Back 32

english physician who demonstrated circular movement of blood in animals, function of heart=pump

Front 33

Rene Descartes

Back 33

established importance of skeptical review of all received wisdom, argued that human reason could them develop laws that would explain the fundamental workings of nature

Front 34

Issac Newton

Back 34

English scientist, astronomial/physical observations of natural laws (motion/grativty)

Front 35

Deism

Back 35

concept of God current during the scientific revolution, role of divinity was to set natural laws in motion, not to regulate once process was begun

Front 36

John Locke

Back 36

english philosopher (senses and reason)

Front 37

What came undone in the 17th century?

Back 37

the feudal monarchy

Front 38

absolute monarchy

Back 38

govt during nation-states in W Europe,

-morachs passed laws without parliaments

*appointed professional armies

*state churches

*imposed state economic polices

Front 39

King Louis XIV

Back 39

patron of arts

Front 40

Glorious Revolution

Back 40

English overthrow of James II resulted in affirmation of parliament as having basic sovereignty over the king

Front 41

parliamentary monarchy

Back 41

kings partially checked by signficant legislative power in parliaments

Front 42

Frederick the Great

Back 42

built on the military/bureaucratic organization of his predecessors

Front 43

Enlightment

Back 43

intellectual movement (France)

-scientific advance

belief that rational laws could describe social behavior

Front 44

Adam Smith

Back 44

established liberal economies, argued that govt should avoid regulation of economy, in favor of the operation of market forces

Front 45

Result of Protestant and Catholic Reformations

Back 45

Series of religious wars

Front 46

Galileo

Back 46

Published Copernicus' findings, added own discoveries concerning laws of gravity and planetary motion, disliked by Catholics

Front 47

William Harvey

Back 47

English physician who demonstrated circular movement of blood in animals, function of the heart is a pump

Front 48

Rene Descartes

Back 48

Established importance of skeptical review of all received wisdom, argued that human reason could then develop laws that would explain the fundamental workings of nature

Front 49

Issac Newton

Back 49

English scientist, astronomical/physical observations of natural laws (motion/gravity)

Front 50

Deism

Back 50

Concept of God current during the Scientific Revoltuon, role of divinity was to set natural laws in motion, not to regulate once process was begun

Front 51

Edict of Nantes

Back 51

Grant of tolerance to Protestants in France in 1598, granted only after lengthy war between Catholic and Protestant factions

Front 52

Thirty Years War

Back 52

War within Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and Spain--> treaty of Westphalia

Front 53

Treaty of Westphali

Back 53

Ended thirty years war, granted right to individual rules within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their religion

Front 54

English civil war

Back 54

Religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy

Front 55

Proletariat

Back 55

Class of working people without access to producing property

Front 56

Witchcraft persecution

Back 56

Reflected resentment against poor in Europe

Front 57

Scientific Revolution

Back 57

In 17th century, period of empirical advances associated with the developements of wider generalizations---> changes in beliefs in Middle Ages

Front 58

What kind of givt developed during the scientific revolution

Back 58

Centered on the emergence of the nationstate

Front 59

Coperni

Back 59

Polish monk and astronomer, disproved Hellenistic belief that the earth was the center of the universe