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215 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following was NOT one of the main inspirations for European exploration?
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search for suitable location for cultivation of cash crops
new route to Asia Expand influence of Christianity Basic resources |
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The first European nation to dominate trade with Asia was __________________. (p. 466-467)
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Portugal
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The Portuguese viewed the Atlantic Ocean islands as the perfect location for the cultivation of _________________. (p. 467)
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sugar
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Which of the following was NOT a reason for the European interest in finding a maritime trade route? (p. 467-468)
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WAS :
Asian goods profit eliminatating Muslim intermediaries African gold,ivory and slaves Access to African markets |
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The reconquista came to an end in 1492 when _________________________________________________________. (p. 468)
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Christian forces captured Muslim kingdom of Granada
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Lateen sails had the advantage of ________________________________________________________.
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being maneuverable and ableto be powered by the wind in multiple directions to catch wind from all sides
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The astrolabe was designed to measure ______________________.
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latitude
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Which of the following were both Chinese inventions? (p. 468-469)
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magnetic compass and sternpost rudders
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Which of the following men conquered the Moroccan port of Ceuta and sponsored a series of voyages down the west African coast?
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Prince Henry of Portugal
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Who was the first European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope to Calicut
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Bartolomeo Diaz
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The profitable merchandise that Vasco da Gama purchased in India was made up of _________________________________. (p. 470-471)
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pepper and cinnamon
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Christopher Columbus’s decision to sail west to reach Asia was based on __________________________. (p. 471)
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not understanding the size of the world and his belief that the world was small and he could reach Asia from sailing west.
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When he reached ____________________________, Columbus sent delegates to seek the court of the emperor of China.
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Cuba
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On 12 October 1492, Columbus made landfall on an island that the native Taíno called __________. (p. 471)
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Guanahani
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Ferdinand Magellan, whose crew completed the first circumnavigation of the world in 1522, established a trade route between Mexico and ____________________. (p. 474-475)
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the Philippines
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Most of the actual exploration of the Pacific Ocean was carried out by the ___________________. (p. 475)
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English
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The explorer who led three expeditions into the Pacific in the eighteenth century was __________________.
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Captain James Cook
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What happened to Cook? (p. 475)
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he was killed in a fight with the natives of Hawaii
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In their attempt to control the spice trade in the Indian Ocean, the Europeans during the period between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries ___________________________________________________. (p. 475)
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had limited success due to not having the human numbers of military power to impose their rule
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The Portuguese dominance of trade was dependent on their ability to ____________________________.
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overpower most other ships they encountered
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In the end, Portugal was unable to maintain its early domination of trade because ________. (p. 476-477)
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they did not have enough ships to enforcecontrol
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Hormuz, Goa, and Melaka were all seized in the early 1500s by _____________________.
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Alfonso d'Albequerque
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Which of the following cities was NOT a Portuguese trading post? (p. 476)
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Was: Calicut, Sao Jorge de Mina, Mozambique, Hormuz, Goa, Melaka, Macan, Nagasaki
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Which of the following was NOT an advantage the English and Dutch had over the Portuguese?
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WAS :
did not attempt to control shipping on the high seas established parallel networks sailed faster and cheaper and more powerful ships conducted trade through joint stock companies |
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The VOC was the _____________________________. (p. 477-478)
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United East India Company (Vereenigde Ooost Indisch Compagnie)
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The Philippines fell to _________________________________.
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Spain
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AND…The center of the Spanish commercial activity in Asia was ____________________. (p. 480)
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Manila
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Under Spanish rule of the Philippines, the native population ____________. (p. 480)
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eventually turned to Christiznity
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Jan Pieterszoon Coen was responsible for ___________________________________________.
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founding Batavia on the island of Java
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The Dutch policy in Indonesia was to ______. (p. 480)
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control the production of spices
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The most prosperous country in Europe in the seventeenth century was _____________________. (p. 480)
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the Netherlands
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Russian territorial expansion into northern Eurasia began in the _____________ century.
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mid-16th
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Russian merchants and explorers began the expansion into Siberia in the quest for _____. (p. 481-482))
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fur
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In the long term, the Columbian exchange ____________________________________________. (p. 487-488)
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increased the global human population because of the global spread of food crops and animals
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From 1500 to 1800, the largest contingent of migrants consisted of ______. (p. 488)
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enslaved Africans transported involuntarily to South America, North America, and the Caribbean
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By 1750, all parts of the world participated in a global trade network in which Europeans played dominant roles, EXCEPT __________
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Australia
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The author of the Ninety-Five Theses was _________ whose initial stimulus for formulating the document was _______________________. (p. 493)
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Martin Luther
the sale of indulgences by the Roman Catholic Church |
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The Catholic church dramatically pushed the sale of indulgences in the sixteenth century because of the _____________________________________________________.
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raising of funds to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome
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Who said, “I cannot and will not recant anything, for it is neither safe nor right to act against one’s conscience. Here I stand. I can do no other”? (p. 493)
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Martin Luther
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Henry VIII’s reformation in England ________________.
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took place for political and religious reasons.
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The event that inspired Henry VIII to confront the pope was _______________________________________________. (p. 495)
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he wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon, because she could not produce a male heir, and the Pope would not agree to the divorce.
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The author of the Institutes of the Christian Religion was _____________________________.
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John Calvin
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The city that stood as John Calvin’s model Protestant community was ___________________________. (p. 495)
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Geneva in Switzerland
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Which one of the following was NOT one of the pillars of the Catholic Reformation? (p. 495-496)
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was :
The philosophy of St. Tomas Aquinas the council of Trent The efforts of St. Ignatius Loyola The society of Jesus |
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29. The Council of ____ and _________. (p. 496)
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Trent
Society of Jesus |
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Ignatius Loyola was instrumental in ____. (p. 496)
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the foundation of the Society of Jesus
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The explosion of witch-hunting in the sixteenth century was most probably caused by ____________.
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religious divisions between Protestants and Roman Catholics
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AND…Eighty-five percent of the condemned witches were ____________________________. (p. 496-497)
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women
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The Spanish leader who sent an armada against England in 1588 was __________________________________.
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King Philip II ofSpain
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The leader of England during the attempted invasion of the Spanish Armada was ________. (p. 497)
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Queen Elizabeth I
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The most destructive European conflict before the twentieth century was _____________. (p. 497)
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the Thirty Years' War
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Charles V was the _______________________.
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leader of the Holy Roman Empire
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Which of the following factors was NOT one of the reasons for Charles V’s failure? (p. 498-500)
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WAS:
focused on promoting Lutheran movement and imperial princes Did not build administrative structure for his empire foreign challenges domestic challenges |
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The Spanish Inquisition was first established in 1478 by ______________________. (p. 500)
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Ferdinand and Isabella
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Which of the following states developed constitutional governments in the seventeenth century? (p. 501)
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DID: England and the Netherlands
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The English civil war ended with the trial and decapitation of _____________________________. (p. 502)
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King Charles I
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The architect of French absolutism was ____.
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Cardinal Richelieu
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The individual associated with the phrase “l’état c'est moi" was
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Louis XIV
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Which of the following was NOT one of the policies pursued by Louis XIV?
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WAS:
moved court to Versailles moved nobles to Versailles patronized painters, sculptors and writers |
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Versailles was the magnificent royal palace of _____________________________. (p. 503-504)
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King Louis XIV
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Catherine the Great’s attempts at reform in Russia were essentially ended by _____. (p. 505-506)
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1773-1774
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The most important consequence of the Peace of Westphalia was in _________.
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India and North America
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Which of the following conflicts is the largest war to unfold in the wake of the Peace of Westphalia? (p. 506-507)
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the Seven Years WAr
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The fundamental principle of diplomacy in early modern Europe was _________.
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the balance of power
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By 1800, the population of Europe had risen to __________________ million. (p. 506-508)
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180
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The system by which unfinished materials were delivered to rural households for production was known as the _________.
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putting out system
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The first great philosophical proponent of capitalism was __________________________________
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Adam Smith
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The Ptolemaic universe was based on _______.
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the work of the Greek Scholar Claudius Ptolemy
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On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres was written by _______________________________. (p. 512-514)
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Nicolas Copernicus
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That planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular, was demonstrated by ___.
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Johannes Kepler
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The theory of universal gravity is associated with ________________________________. (p. 515)
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Isaac Newton
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Most Enlightenment philosophers believed _________________________________________. (p. 518-519)
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that natural sciences would lead to greater human control over the world while rational sciences of human affairs would lead to individual freedom and the construction of a prosperous, just, and equitable society.
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Doña Marina was ________________________.
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a native noblewoman in Mexico who became a Spanish slave and worked as a translator for Cortes AND and also provided diplomatic advice to him. This helped him to survive but she was considered a traitor by her people. She represents the dual role of accomplished women in Mesoamerican society.
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The most important factor in explaining the Spanish victory over the Aztecs and Incas was the ___________. (p. 523-524)
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services of Dona Maria
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The encomenderos were _________________.
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the Spanish settlers who had the right to compel the native Tainos to work for free.
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Christopher Columbus’s first plan was to _________. (p. 525)
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build forts and trading posts where merchants could trade with local people for products desired by European consumers.
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The population of the Caribbean went from about 4 million in 1492 to ____________________________ in the 1540s. (p
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a few thousand
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The first people of the Americas to come into contact with the Spanish were the ______. (p. 527)
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Taino
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Hernán Cortés was responsible for the conquest of the __________________________.
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Aztecs
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The last emperor of the Aztec empire was ______. (p. 527)
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Cuauhtemoc (nephew and son in law of Moctezuma)
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52. The conquistador who conquered the Incas was _________________________.
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Francisco Pizarro
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The last emperor of the Inca empire was ____. (p. 528)
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Atahualpa (whom they strangled after he had given them a large quantity of gold)
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53. The conquistadores _____________________________________________________________________.
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The conquistadores had been in charge of Spanish territory in the Americas but by about 1570 they had given way to formal rule by the Spanish crown.
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The two centers of Spanish royal authority in the Americas were ______________________________. (p. 529)
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Mexico (also called New Spain) and Peru (aka New Castile)
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The chief Spanish royal administrators in the Americas were the _______, whose power was checked by reviews conducted by the _____. (p. 529)
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Viceroys
Courts known as audiencias |
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The Treaty of Tordesillas ________________. (p. 529)
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Was a treaty between Spain and Portugal signed in 1494 that divided the world north-south along the line 370 leagues west of the Azores and Cape Verde Islands, which caused Portugal to colonize Brazil.
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The Portuguese began to show much more interest in Brazil after ____________.
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entrepreneurs established sugar plantations on the coast.
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The English, French, and Dutch _______________. (p. 530)
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Sailed the North Atlantic by mid-16th Century, in search of fish and the northwest passage to Asia.
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Which of the following sites in North America was originally a Dutch colony?
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New York previously known as New AMsterdam
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The English colony of Jamestown _______. (p. 531)
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Was founded by the English in 1607
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Which of the following was NOT a difference between the Spanish approach to colonization and that of the English and French? (p. 531-532)
A. the Spanish crown was less actively involved in the government of their colonies B. English governors were elected directly by the colonists, while Spanish viceroys were appointed by the crown C. Spanish colonies had powerful local assemblies, while the English did not D. English colonies were often financed by private investors, who retained control over colonial affairs E. the Church played a greater role in the administration of Spanish colonies |
Answer: Iberian colonies had royal backing and more government control while French and English colonies were started by private investors and were more self governing.
A |
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Which of the following is NOT true of the Native Americans that the English and French came into contact with? (p. 531-532)
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a. The native societies of North America did not have large, centralized states like the Aztecs and Incas.
b. The native Americans guarded their claims to private ownership of land even more jealously than the Europeans. c. The native Americans lived in dozens of distinct societies. d. The native Americans did not live in densely populated areas. e. The native Americans practiced agriculture, but moved frequently in pursuit of game. B - no private ownership of land |
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The native population in what is now the United States stood at five million to ten million in 1492, and at __________________ in 1800.
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600,000
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The term mestizo refers to __________. (p. 532-533)
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Mixed society made up of part Spanish, part native populations, caused by the fact that most Spanish settlers were male
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Spanish migrants who were born in Europe were known as _____________________.
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Peninsulares
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The métis were _______________. (p. 533)
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The French word for mixed race children of French and native women generally found around forts and trading posts.
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For the Spanish, the greatest attraction of the Americas was ____________________.
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Precious metals
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By the seventeenth century, the most prominent site of agriculture in Spanish America was the ______________________. (p. 534-535)
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Estate, aka hacienda
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To provide labor for their sugar plantations, the Portuguese ____________________________. (p. 535-536)
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Relied on imported African slaves as laborers
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In North America, the Europeans initially found a profitable commodity when they bartered for _______. (p. 537)
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fur
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Plantations created a high demand for _____.
Slaves |
slves
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The first plentiful labor force for North America was ___. (p. 538-539)
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Indentured servants
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The Virgin of Guadalupe essentially became a national symbol for __________. (p. 540)
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Mexican nationalism
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The first recorded European sighting of Australia was made by the _____________________________________.
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Dutch sailors in 1606
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Which of the following countries established the first permanent settlement in Australia? (p. 541)
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Britain
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68. The British initially made use of Australia ______________________________________________. (p. 541)
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As a penal colony
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In the 1670s and 1680s, the Spanish were interested in consolidating control in which area because it lay directly on the route from Acapulco to Manila? (p. 542)
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Guam
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Thomas Peters was ______________.
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A west African man who was captured and enslaved, sent to Louisiana and then re-solved several times as he kept trying to escape, crossing the Atlantic Ocean 4 times between 1760 and 1792, and was eventually freed and moved to Nova Scotia after finghting on the side of the British in the American Revolution. He served as the leader of the black community in Freetown.
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The Black Pioneers were _________________. (p. 549)
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A group of escaped slaves of African ancestry who fought to maintain British rule in the colonies in exchange for freedom.
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The rise in maritime trade in the early modern era in Africa ___. (p. 550)
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resulted in regional kingdoms rep;acing the imperial states of west Africa
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The most important early city in the Songhay empire was __________________________.
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Gao
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The most influential ruler in the rise of the Songhay empire was ____________________________. (p. 551)
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Sunni Ali (1464-1591)
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73. Sunni Ali built a powerful imperial navy to patrol the ______________________________________. (p. 551)
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Niger River, an extremely important commercial highway of the Songhay Empire.
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74. All Songhay emperors were ______.
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Muslims who supported mosques
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The Songhay empire fell in 1591 to _________. (p. 551)
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A musket-bearing Moroccan army who trekked across the Sahara to attack them.
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In 1505 all the Swahili city-states were subdued by the ___________________________________. (p. 552)
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Portugese navy.
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The ruler of the kingdom of Kongo, Afonso I, converted to what religion and encouraged his subjects to convert as well?
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Roman Catholicism
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King Nzinga Mbemba of Kongo is best known for his _____________________________________. (p. 553)
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(he is also known as King Alfonso and is best known for his religiousness—he attended religious services daily and studied the Bible so zealously that he sometimes neglected to eat.
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An alliance with Portugal brought wealth and foreign recognition to Kongo, as well as _________. (p. 553)
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Led eventually to the destruction of the kingdom and the establishment of a Portugese colony in Angola.
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The Portuguese referred to Ndongo as Angola because of the word ngola, which meant _____.
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King –
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The chief obstacle to Portuguese control of Angola came from _________________________________. (p. 555)
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Queen Nzinga
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The first European colony in sub-Saharan Africa was ________________________.
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Angola
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In an effort to drive the Portuguese out of Ndongo, Queen Nzinga formed an alliance with the ______________________________. (p. 555)
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Dutch mariners
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What was the massive fortified city in southern Africa that dominated the gold trade in its region of the continent until the late fifteenth century?
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Great Zimbabwe –
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A trading post was built at Cape Town in 1652 by the __________________________ who encountered which of the following indigenous groups? (p. 555-556)
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Dutch Mariners – hunting and gathering Khoikhoi people
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The center of Islamic learning in west Africa was _______.
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Timbuktu
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Islam was most popular in sub-Saharan Africa in ____________. (p. 556)
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Commercial centers
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Islam and Christianity usually spread into sub-Saharan Africa _______________________________________________. (p. 556)
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As a combination of African religions and the imported religion (syncretically)
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The Fulani ______________________________________________________________________.
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Were a pastoral people who had for hundreds of years kept cattle on the plains of west Africa and converted to a strict form of Islam.
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Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of the Fulani? (p. 556)
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DIDNT: stamp out African religions or eliminate indigenous elements from the syncretic Islam of west Africa
DID: founded powerful states, promoted spread of Islam to the countryside, established schools, laid foundations for new rounds of Islamic-state building in 19/20 centuries |
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The founder of the religion that stressed that Jesus Christ had been a black man and that Kongo was the true holy land was ________________. (p. 557)
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Dona Beatriz
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During the early modern period in Africa, the basis of social organization continued to be ________________________________________.
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Kinship Groups
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The most important American crop introduced into Africa in the sixteenth century was _________. (p. 558)
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manioc
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By 1800, the population of sub-Saharan Africa stood at _______________________ million. (p. 558)
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60 million
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Throughout most of history, the majority of slaves came from _____________.
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War captives in Africa
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One of the factors that made African slavery different from the varieties practiced elsewhere was that _________________________. (p. 558)
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African law did not recognize private property rights in land, so wealth was measured by power over the labor that worked the communal land.
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The arrival of the Europeans ___________________________________________________________________________.
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Caused the existing slave trade to expand dramatically.
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The first European slave traders were the ____. (p. 559)
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Portugese mariners
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As part of the triangular slave trade, the Europeans usually picked up slaves in Africa in return for ____________________________________. (p. 559)
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Horses and European manufactured goods (clothes and metalwares, esp firearms)
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Over the course of the entire period of trans-Atlantic slavery, the mortality rate for the middle passage was _____________ percent.
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25%
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The heaviest slave trading took place in the __________________ century. (p. 561)
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18th century
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How many Africans were forcefully brought to the Americas as part of the trans-Atlantic slave trade?
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16 million
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The vast majority of slaves __. (p. 561-563)
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Were men
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The only place where a slave revolt actually brought about an end to slavery was ______.
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The French sugar colony of Saint-Domingue
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The first European nation to abolish the slave trade was _________________________. (p. 566-568)
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Denmark
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Which of the following is NOT associated with the syncretic religions of the Africans in the Americas? (p. 566)
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Associated:
belief in spirits and supernatural powers Vodou condomble African rituals like drumming and dancing |
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Matteo Ricci, who was ________________________, and other Europeans discovered they were more successful in their negotiations with the Chinese if they presented them with ________. (p. 571)
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A Roman Catholic missionary who marketed mechanical clocks from Portugal to the Emperor of China.
Gave them Gifts of self-ringing bells to the government officials |
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After the arrival of the Europeans, _________. (p. 572)
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east Asian societies largely controlled their own affairs until the nineteenth century.
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In 1368, the Ming dynasty replaced the __________ dynasty.
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Yuan
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The Ming dynasty was founded by ________.
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Hongwu
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The name Ming meant ________________________. (p. 572)
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Brilliant
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In 1421, Yongle moved the capital of China to ______.
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Beijing
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In an effort to stabilize China internally, the Ming emperors ______________________________________________________________________. (p. 572-573)
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stressed Chinese traditions from the Tang and Song period.
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The Manchus called their dynasty Qing, which meant _________________________. (p. 574)
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“pure”
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The leader who first organized the Manchu tribes into a centralized state was _____________________________.
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Nurhaci (late 16th early 17th centuries)
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Which of the following was NOT an action of the Manchus after conquering China? (p. 574-575)
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Was: expelled Ming garrisons in Manchuria, captured Korea and Mongolia, launched small-scale invasions into China, and extended authority throughout China. Preserved their own cultural and ethnic identity (forbade intermarriage and forbade Chinese from traveling or learning Manchurian language). Forced Chinese to shave heads and grow a Manchu-style queue.
Was not: encouraging intermarriage |
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Taiwan was conquered by _________________.
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Kangxi (Manchurian leader of the Qing)
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AND… Which ruler made Vietnam, Burma, and Nepal vassal states of China? (p. 575)
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Qianlong (Kangxi’s grandson)
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In regard to ruling philosophy and techniques, the Qing _________.
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Relied on the same governmental apparatus as the Ming emperors (highly centralized state)
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The phrase “Son of Heaven” refers to the ___________. (p. 576)
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Emperor of Qing and Ming dynasties – a human being designated by heavenly powers to maintain order on earth.
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Which of the following was NOT one of the accomplishments of the Chinese clans? (p. 578)
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Assumed responsibilities that exceeded the capacities of the nuclear family- maintenance of local order, organization of local economies, provision for welfare
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During the Ming and Qing dynasties, __________.
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The Patriarchal society became dominant, with filial piety to family and the emperor extremely important. Patriarchal authority over women became even tighter.
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The practice of foot binding _______. (p. 578-579)
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Became exceptionally popular during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
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. By 1750, the population of China had grown to _____________ million. (p. 579)
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225 million
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Foreign trade during the Qing dynasty was _____.
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limited and under tight governmental control.
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China fell behind technologically during the Ming and Qing dynasties because _____. (p. 580-581)
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It did not participate in the European arms race and the government encouraged political and social stability over innovation.
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With the exception of the emperor and his family, the most exalted members of Chinese society was/were the ____________________________.
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Scholar-bureaucrats
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According to Confucian tradition the most honorable class among the peasants, artisans, and merchants was the ________________________. (p. 582)
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peasants
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Zhu Xi was the _______________________. (p. 583)
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Song dynasty scholar who was the most prominent architect or neo-Confucianism.
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The Dream of the Red Chamber shed light on which of the following?
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The dynamics of wealthy scholar-gentry families
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Which of the following popular novels dealt with the intrigue following the collapse of the Han dynasty?
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Romance of the Three Kingdoms
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Who sought to convert China to Christianity?
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Matteo Ricci, Jesuit priest
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The Chinese were hesitant to convert to Christianity because ______. (p. 584-585)
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It was an exclusive religion that made them choose where they had honored Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism all at the same time for centuries. They refused to accept the Christian idea that the other religions were inferior.
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The term bakufu means ______________. (p. 585)
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Tent government
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In 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu_________. (p. 586)
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established a military government that was known as the Togugawa bakufu (supposedly a temporary replacement for the emperor but lasted 267 years)
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Daimyo were (p. 586)
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“great names” – powerful territorial lords who ruled Japan from vast, hereditary landholdings.
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113. Beginning in the 1630s and enduring for the next two centuries, Japanese foreign policy included all of the following EXCEPT
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Did: forbid Japanese to travel overseas, strict control of trade with Asian countries, a prohibition on the construction of ships, a ban on the importation of foreign books, allow small numbers of Chinese and Dutch merchants to trade.
Did NOT include an economic and military alliance with anyone else, including the Spanish. |
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The process known as “thinning out the rice shoots” refers to __________________________________________. (p. 587)
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Infanticide used to limit population growth.
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One of the results of the peace brought by the Tokugawa period was ____. (p. 587-588)
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undermining the social position of the elite classes and decline of samurai. The merchant classes gained power and wealth.
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The term “native learning” relates to (p. 588-589)
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A movement to study Japanese classics and glorify the purity of the Japanese culture and identity separate from China.
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The term “floating worlds” originally related to _______. (p. 589)
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“Ukiyo” (floating worlds) – entertainment and pleasure quarters where teahouses, theaters, brothels and public baths offered escape from social responsibilities and the rigid rules of conduct of public behavior.
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The author of The Life of a Man Who Lived for Love was _____________________________. (p. 589)
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Ihara Saikaku
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The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires were all ____.
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Turkish ruling dynasties
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AND…The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires all originally came from _______. (p. 596)
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came from nomadic, Turkish-speaking peoples of central Asiawho conquered settled agricultural lands.
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The founder of the Ottoman dynasty was ________. (p. 596)
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Osman Bey
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The word ghazi refers to ___________. (p. 596)
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Muslim religious warriors
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Which of the following empires was inspired by its status as an Islamic outpost on the border of the Christian world? (p. 596-7)
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The Ottoman Empire
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122. The Ottoman institution that provided Balkan slaves for the formation of the Janissaries was the _____.
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Devshirme (requiring Balkans to provide young boys as slaves)
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The Ottoman ruler who captured Constantinople was ______________________________. (p. 597)
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Mehmed II (Mehmed the Conqueror)
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In the sixteenth century, the Ottomans captured ____________________________________.
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Syriaand Egypt
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Süleyman the Magnificent won his greatest victory and killed the king of Hungary at the battle of ________________________________. (p. 598)
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Mohacs (1526)
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124. Khayr al-Din Barbarossa Pasha was the ______________________________________________________. (p. 598)
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A Turkish corsair and pirate who became Suleyman’s leading admiral
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The Islamic leader who converted to Twelver Shiism was __________and received the greatest support for his conversion to that religion from the __________.
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Shah Ismail
The qizilbash(“red heads” – followers of Twelver Shiism) |
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AND…Central to the belief of Twelver Shiism was the idea that ______. (p. 598-599)
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The 12th imam of Muhammad was still alive and in hiding.
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The Safavids traced their ancestry back to the leader Safi al-Din, who was what religion?
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A Sufi religious order in western Persia
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The leader of the Safavid empire at its peak was __. (p. 598-600)
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Shah Abbas the Great
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At the battle of Chaldiran in 1514, _____________.
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The Ottomans prevailed over the Janissaries because they used more advanced weaponry.
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The founder of the Mughal dynasty, Zahir al-Din Muhammad’s, main inspiration for conquering India was to___ (p. 600)
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To build a vast central Asian empire like that of Tamarlane
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Which of the following rulers displayed the greatest amount of religious toleration?
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Akbar
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The Mughal empire reached its greatest geographic extent during the reign of _____________________________. (p. 601-602)
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Aurangzeb
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Akbar’s answer to the religious diversity and tension of India was to _______.
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Encourage an elaborate syncretic religion("Divine Faith").
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The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb __________. (p. 602)
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Greatly expanded Mughal boundaries but presided over a troubled empire hat had rebellions and religious tensionbetween Hindus and Muslims. He broke with religious toleration, destroyed Hindu temples and imposed a tax on Hindus.
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The steppe tradition that caused the greatest problem for the Islamic empires was the _________. (p. 603)
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Was that the ruler's relatives often managed components of the state.
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131. Hürrem Sultana was _______.
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Suleyman's concubine whom he elevated to the status of legal wife. He often consulted her on state policies.
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Because of protests from moralists, the Ottoman sultan Murad IV ______. (p. 603-604)
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Outlawed tobacco and coffee and executed those who continued to use them.
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In the three hundred years after 1500, the population of India grew from 105 million to
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190
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Sikhism was a syncretic combination of ____. (p. 606)
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Hinduism and Islam.
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The jizya was the tax paid by ________.
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Dhimmi, or non Muslims.
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AND…The Islamic leader who abolished the jizya was _______. (p. 606)
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Akbar
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. Süleyman the Magnificent called on Sinan Pasha to ________. (p. 607)
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create the religious complex known as the Süleymaniye
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The Ottomans took the Byzantine cathedral Hagia Sofia and _______________________________________________. (p. 607)
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Converted it into the mosque of Aya Sofya
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What Islamic city was the most precious jewel for urban architectural development? (p. 607)
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Isfahan
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Fatehpur Sikri was _____. (p. 608)
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A city planned and constructed by Akbar that served as his capital from 1569-1585.
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Shah Jahanl, the Mughal ruler who constructed the Taj Mahal, was unable to finish the construction of that building because _______________. (p. 595, 608)
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His son deposed him before he could finish.
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Which of the following factors was NOT one of the reasons for the decline of the Islamic empires?
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Were: Internal political conflict, economic oppression, Religious tensions
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