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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define functions of muscles |
Movement, stability, glycemic control |
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Name the three different muscular tissues |
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth |
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What is the specialization of muscle tissue? |
To convert chemical energy of ATP into mechanical energy of motion |
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Name the parts and functions of skeletal muscle |
Nerves (innervate muscle fibers), connective tissue (separates and bundles the muscles fibers into units), and blood vessels (supplies blood, oxygen, and nutrients) |
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Name the parts of the connective tissue of skeletal muscle |
Endomysium (surrounds muscle fiber), perimysium (wraps muscles fibers together into fascicles), epimysium (fibrous sheath that covers the entire muscle), and fascia which separates neighboring muscles from each other and other subq structures |
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Name the different muscles shapes |
Fusiform, parallel, triangular, pennate, and circular |
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Define muscle compartments |
Group of functionally related muscles enclosed and separated from others by connective tissue fascia |
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Name and describe the two types of muscle attachments |
Direct (no separation from the muscle and bone) and indirect (through a tendon) |
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Define origin |
Stationary (relatively) point of attachment |
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Define insertion |
Attachment that is more mobile |
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Define muscle belly |
Middle of the muscle that is usually thicker |
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Define action |
Effect produced by muscle, whether to produce or prevent movement |
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List and define the four categories of muscle actions according to their actions |
Primer movement (provides most of the force), synergist (aids the prime mover), antagonist (opposes prime mover), and fixator (prevents movement OR stabilizes a segment so another joint can move) |
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Differentiate between intrinsic & extrinsic muscles |
Intrinsic - Fully contained within a particular region with origin and insertion Extrinsic - Acts upon one region but the origin is in a different region (forearm) |
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Describe 3 points of muscle innervation |
- Innervation refers to the identity of a nerve that stimulates the muscle - Muscles are innervated by either spinal or cranial nerves - Spinal nerves give rise to peripheral nerves that innervate the muscles of the trunk and extremities |
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Blood capillaries branch through which part of the muscle? |
Endomysium |
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What is meant by muscles are excitable? |
They are stimulated by chemical signals or other stimuli and the muscle cells respond with electrical changes across the plasma membrane |
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Describe three characteristics of muscles |
Contractile (shorten when stimulated), extensible (meaning they can stretch w/o rupturing), and elastic (recoil to a shorter length when not being stretched) |
