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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are ions |
Compounds that dissociate (break down) Have a charge |
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Electrolytes |
Can carry an electrical charge |
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Example of nonelectrolytes |
Fats and proteins |
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What does the water in the blood (plasma) do |
Coats the cells Skeletal muscle |
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What does ECF stand for |
Extra cellular fluid |
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What is ECF |
Fluid outside of cells |
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Where is ECF found |
-Plasma in blood -interstrstial fluid- found between the cells |
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What does ICF stand for |
Intracellular fluid |
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What is ICF |
Fluid inside the cells |
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What ions are found in ECF |
Sodium CI-1 |
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What ions are found in ICF |
PO4-3 K+1 |
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How do we intake water |
Drinking Food Make it in chemical reactions |
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How do we out take water |
Skin- sweat Breathing Urine Feces |
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What is the job of the hypothalamus of the brain |
Monitors water in the body |
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A ____ drop of water makes us thirsty |
2%-3% |
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How does the hypothalamus of the brain signal that we need water |
-thirsty -decrease saliva -drops amount of urine |
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What is the job of the ADH hormone |
Keeps water in the body not lost to urine |
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What is the job of the Aldosensa and estrogenhormone |
Keeps water in the body |
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If you do not have enough water you experience: |
-Dehydration -confusion -tiredness -skin gets stiff -kidneys could fail |
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What is edema |
Swelling in the body Water/fluid leaks from blood vessels |
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On the ph scale what is the "safe zone" |
7---- neutral |
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On the ph scale what numbers are considered acids |
1-6 |
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On the ph what is considered a base |
8-14 |
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What is a normal blood ph |
7.35-7.45 |
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What is a blood ph below 7.35 considered |
Acidosis |
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What are symptoms of acidosis |
Confusion Pass out Cardiovascular damage |
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What is a blood ph above 7.45 considered |
Alkalinosis |
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What are symptoms of alkalinosis |
Confusion Pass out Cardiovascular damage |
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What do meat, soda, and fish all have in common |
They all contain acid |
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What helps maintain ph |
Buffer Give or take H |
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As blood ph drops, it becomes more acidic, what happens to the respiratory system |
Increases breathing |
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As blood ph drops, becomes more acidic, what happens to the urinary system |
Gets rid of extra H |
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What is the study of nephron |
Nephrology |
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What is the study of the urinary system |
Urology |
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Where are the kidneys located |
Retroperitioneal On the back wall |
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What are the functions of the urinary system |
Composition of blood- makes it perfect Makes liquid waste- urine |
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What are the functions of the kidney |
Makes blood perfect Corrects volume of blood Corrects blood pressure Makes sure blood ph is neutral Correct ions Makes liquid wastes-urine |
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What is the hilus |
Opening into kidney |
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What is the renal capsule |
Clear layer right on kidney |
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What is the adipose capsule |
Big pillow of fat each kidney sits in, helps protect it |
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What is the renal fascia |
Outside, anchors into back wall |
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What is the cortex |
Outer rim |
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What is the medulla |
The middle of the kidney |
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What are the renal columns |
Area between the renal pyramids |
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Define "parenchyma" |
Working part |
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What does the parenchyma do |
Part of nephrons Makes blood perfect Makes urine |
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Where are nephrons in the located |
In cortex and pyramids |
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What is a papillae |
Cup to catch urine |
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What is the function of nephrons |
Filter Reabsorb And the secrete back into blood |
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What are the different types of nephrons |
Cortical-short loop- most common Junta medullary- long loop Only difference is size of loop rest is the same |
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How does blood supply to nephrons |
Brings blood to be cleaned in glomerus Feeds the nephrons- peritubular capillary |
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What is the three processes to make urine |
-filtration -reabsorption into blood - secrete bad stuff back into urine |
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What is the function of glomerular filtration |
Filtering of blood Produces a liquid called flitrate |
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3 designs to help filter |
1. Knot of apillares- continuous going around 2. Silt membranes filters are very thin 3. Intentionally increase pressure in knot |
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Control of filtration |
Kidney itself- renal auto regulation 1. Myogenic- right at filtration site 2. Tubularglomerular feedback- send info about filtration 3. Brain- neural regulation |
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Hormone regulation |
- angiutension II- decreases filtration - ANP- increases filtration |
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What is secretion |
Final release of bad stuff into vessel |
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About how much urine do we produce per day |
1-2 liters |
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What does dark urine indicate |
Fever |
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Increase blood pressure does what to urine production |
Increases |
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If you are cold what does it do to urine production |
Increases |
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What are diuretics |
Chemicals or things to take to make more urine |
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Define hemodialysis |
Every three days blood is cleaned |
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What is the job of the ureters |
Carry urine downward to bladder |
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How does urine move through the ureters |
Gravity Pressure of urine Peristalsis |
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What are the three layers of the ureters |
-Mucosa-transitional epithelium-has mucus for protection -muscularis- helps move urine -serosa |
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What is the function of the urinary bladder |
Holds the urine |
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Define micturition |
Urination |
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How long is the urethra in a female |
About 1 inche |
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How long is the urethra in a male |
About 8 inches has more of a distance to travel |
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What is the urethral orifice |
Hole Females- urine only Males- urine/reproductive |
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How do kidney stones form |
When urine solidifies |
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How does one get kidney stones |
-poor diet -not enough water -not enough exercise - more common in men |
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Define incontinence |
Trouble holding urine |
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What is the function of the reproductive system |
Continuation of species |
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What are the functions of the gonads in the reproductive system |
To make sex cells To make hormoneshormones |
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What do the accessory organs of the reproductive system do |
Help testes and ovaries |
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Why are the testes outside of the body |
Body is too warm |
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What is the scrotum |
Bag that holds each teste |
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What is the cremaster muscle |
Runs along the scrotum to hold everything in Body contracts to keep warm |
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Where is the sperm made |
Testes |
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What is the outside layer of the testes |
Tunica vaginalis |
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What is the next layer in from the tunica vaginalis |
Tunica albuginea |
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What are the components in the tunica albuginea |
Lobule |
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What are the tubes inside each lobule |
Seminiferous tubules |
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What is spermatogenesis |
Process of making sperm |
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What is the function of sustentacular cells |
1. Nourish, support, developing sperm 2. Destroy any malformed sperm 3. Allow spermatins in lumen 4. Replace hormone inhibin- decreases sperm production |
