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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the entire digestive tract is lined with...
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mucous membrane
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another name for the digestive tract is the...
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alimentary canal
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the gastrointestinal tract refers to the area below the...
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diaphragm
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the four major processes in the digestive system are...
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1. ingestion
2. digestion 3. absorption 4. elimination |
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the three pairs of salivary glands are...
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1. parotid salivary glands (largest)
2. submandibular salivary glands 3. sublingual salivary glands |
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saliva produced in the mouth contains 2 primary components for digestion, they are...
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1. salivary amylase
2. mucous secretions (lubricate and help to kill bacteria) |
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begins the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth when food is chewed.
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salivary amylase
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after food is chewed and lubricated in the mouth, the semisolid mass is called a _______.
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bolus
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also known as the throat.
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pharynx
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the pharynx is divided into 3 sections...
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1. oropharynx (posterior to mouth)
2. nasopharynx (posterior to nose) 3. laryngopharynx (opens into larynx) |
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oropharynx nad nasopharynx are separated by the...
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soft palate
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the _________ hangs down from the lower border of the soft palate
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uvula
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during swallowing; opening to larynx is closed by the _______________, and the nasopharynx is closed by the ___________.
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1. epiglottis
2. soft palate |
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there are 20 ____________, or baby teeth, and ____ in a normal adult.
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deciduous, 32
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calcified connective tissue that makes up the major portion of a tooth
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dentin
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hardest substance in the body, covers the outside of a tooth
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enamel
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it takes appx. __ to __ seconds for a bolus to move from the mouth, through the pharynx, down the esophagus, and to the stomach
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4 to 8
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swallowing becomes ____________ at the back of the pharynx where a wave of ___________ contractions take over movement of the bolus
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involuntary, peristaltic
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the sphincter muscle at the lower end of the esophagus that prevents gastric contents from leaving the stomach to enter the esophagus is called...
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the cardiac sphincter
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the contents of the stomach are very acid... appx. __ to __ on the pH scale
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1 to 2
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when the stomach is empty, it colapses into folds called...
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rugae
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substance produced by gastric glands in the wall of the stomach, kills bacteria and breaks down connective tissue in meat, converts inactive pepsinogen to active pepsin
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hydrochloric acid
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inactive form of pepsin
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pepsinogen
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active form of pepsinogen
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pepsin
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begins digestion of proteins in the stomach
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pepsin
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secreted by parietal cells of the stomach and necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 (vitamin required for development of RBC's) lack will result in pernicious anemia
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intrinsic factor (cannot survive without)
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very small amounts of h2o, salts, and fat-soluble substances are absorbed through the stomach. only substance primarily absorbed through stomach is...
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alcohol
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food may stay in the stomach __ to __ hours
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3 to 4
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digestion in the stomach is primarily chemical or mechanical?
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mechanical
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stomach churns and breaks down food into a substance called what?
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chyme
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the exit of the stomach is closed by another sphincter muscle called the _______ sphincter
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pyloric
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The small intestine is divided into three sections called...
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1. duodenum
2. jejunum 3. ileum |
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small intestine is appx. __ to __ feet long
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17 to 23
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where does most of the digestion process take place?
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small intestine
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the small intestine performs the majoeity of the digestive process with the help of enzymes from the __________.
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pancreas
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the liver and gall bladder empty into the duodenum through the ________________. the pancreas empties into it through the _______________.
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common bile duct, pancreatic duct
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