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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arteries and arterioles carry __________ blood to body cells with the exception of the pulmonary arteries.
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Oxygenated
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Arteries and arterioles are known as __________ vessels.
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Resistance
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Arteries and arterioles are made of _____ muscle fibers which mean they are INVOLUNTARY.
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Smooth
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Arteries and arterioles carry blood _____ from the heart.
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Away
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The largest artery in the body is the _____, which has 4 divisions known as...
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Aorta; ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta
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Arteries branch to form __________, the smallest of the arteries.
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Arterioles
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Arterioles dilate and constrict to help regulate...
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Blood pressure
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The smallest blood vessels of all are the...
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Capillaries
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Blood flow through the capillaries is called...
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Microcirculation
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Oxygen and nutrients pass to body cells, and waste products enter from body cells in the...
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Capillaries
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Capillaries transfer their products through _________ and __________ transport methods
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Diffusion and filtration
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Black and blue marks on the skin (bruises) are called __________ areas and are caused by ruptured ___________.
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Eccymotic, capillaries
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Veins carry blood ______ the heart.
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Toward
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With the exception of the pulmonary veins, the blood within the veinous system is dark red in color because the ______ has been replaced with ____________.
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Oxygen, carbon dioxide
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The two largest veins in the body are the _______________ and the ______________.
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Superior Vena Cava (SVC) and Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)
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The smallest veins are called...
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Venules
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Systemic veins are referred to as _________ vessels, because they store appx. 60% of the body's blood supply at rest and can expand to store more when needed.
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Capacitance
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The ____ of the heart is the tip of the left ventricle and is the lowest point.
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Apex
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The heart is made up of three layers, they are...
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Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium.
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The ___________ is counted at the apex of the heart
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Apical pulse
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The membrane lining the hearts interior wall is called the...
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Endocardium
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The middle and thickest layer of the heart is the...
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Myocardium
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The thin, outer layer of the heart is the...
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Epicardium (The epicardium is also the Visceral layer of the Serous pericardium)
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The sac that surrounds and protects the heart is called the...
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Pericardium
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The pericardium is made up of two layers called the...
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Fibrous pericardium and Serous pericardium.(The serous pericardium is divided into the Visceral and Parietal layers... the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is the same thing as the epicardial layer of the heart)
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The pericardial cavity, (the space between the visceral and parietal layer of the serous pericardium) is filled with ______________, which acts as a lubricant for the heart.
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Pericardial fluid
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The heart is divided into right and left sides by the...
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Interventricular septum and interatrial septum
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The heart has four chambers called the...
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Left and right atria, and left and right ventricles.
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The atria _______ blood from the body and are considered ____ pressure.
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Receive, Low
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The ventricles ______ blood from the heart and are considered ____ pressure.
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Expel, High
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The ventricle responsible for pumping blood throughout the body (thickest myocardial layer)
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Left ventricle
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The ventricle responsible for pumping blood through the lungs.
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Right ventricle
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The two valves between the atria and the ventricles are known collectively as the...
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Atrioventricular valves
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The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the...
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Tricuspid valve
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The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is the...
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Bicuspid or mitral valve
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The flaps of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves attach to tendon-like structures known as...
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Chordae tendinae
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The chordae tendinae are anchored to _________ muscles located on the ventrical wall.
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Papillary
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The papillary muscles, and the chordae tendinae prevent the atrioventricular valves from ________, which would cause backflow or ____________.
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Everting, regurgitation
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The _________ valves both have 3 crescent shaped cusps.
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Semilunar
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The right semilunar valve is called the...
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Pulmonic (semilunar) valve
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The left semilunar valve is called the...
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Aortic (semilunar) valve
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The 2 main arteries which supply the heart muscle are...
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The left and right coronary arteries
(LCA and RCA, respectively) |
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The left coronary artery branches into the...
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Left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the left circumflex artery (LCX)
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In most people, the right coronary artery divides into the...
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Marginal branch and the posterior descending artery (PDA)
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In some people the posterior descending artery (PDA) comes off the left circumflex artery(LCX). This is known as...
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Left coronary dominance
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The main coronary arteries join in ______ places. Blockage can result in _________ (myocardial insufficiency) or ______________, dead tissue.
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Few, Ischemia, Myocardial Infarction (MI)(Heart attack)
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When coronary blockage occurs gradually, "load sharing" can occur at the microscopic level. This is called...
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Collateral circulation
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The two main veins that serve the heart muscle are called...
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Great cardiac vein, Middle cardiac vein
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The great and middle cardiac veins empty into the ______________, which returns the blood to the right atrium
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Coronary sinus
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The ascending aorta branches into the...
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Right and left coronary arteries (RCA and LCA)
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The right coronary artery (RCA) branches into the...
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Marginal branch and the posterior descending artery (PDA) in most people
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The left coronary artery (LCA) branches into the...
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left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the left circumflex artery (LCX)
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The aortic arch branches into the...
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Right and left subclavian arteries and the right and left common carotid arteries
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The right and left subclavian arteries supply blood to the...
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right and left upper extremities
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the right and left common carotid arteries branch into the...
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internal and external carotid arteries
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The right and left, internal and external carotid arteries supply blood to...
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The brain, face, and neck
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Each subclavian artery extends to the...
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Axillary
Brachial Radial Ulnar |
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The axillary artery supplies blood to the...
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Axilla (armpit)
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The brachial artery supplies blood to the...
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Arm proper
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The radial artery supplies blood to the...
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The thumb side of the forearm and wrist
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The ulnar artery supplies blood to the...
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medial side of hand
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The thoracic aorta branches into the...
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Bronchial artery
Esophageal artery Intercostal arteries Superior phrenic artery |
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The bronchial arteries supply blood to the...
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Lungs
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The esophageal artery supplies blood to the...
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Esophagus
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The intercostal arteries supply blood to the...
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Muscles and other structures of the chest wall
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The superior phrenic artery supplies blood to the...
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Posterior and superior surfaces of the diaphram
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The abdominal aorta branches into the...
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Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric Inferior mesenteric Phrenic Suprarenal Renal Common iliac External iliac |
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The celiac trunk branches into the...
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Left gastric
Splenic Hepatic |
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The left gastric artery supplies blood to the...
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Stomach
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The splenic artery supplies blood to the...
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Spleen
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The hepatic artery supplies blood to the...
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Liver
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The superior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the...
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Small intestine and first half of large intestine
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The inferior mesenteric supplies blood to the...
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Second half of large intestine
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The phrenic artery supplies blood to the...
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Diaphram
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The suprarenal artery supplies blood to the...
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Adrenal glands
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The renal artery supplies blood to the...
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Kidneys
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The common iliac branches into the...
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Internal ilac and external iliac
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The internal iliac supplies blood to...
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Pelvic muscles, bladder, rectum, prostate, reproductive organs
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The external iliac branches into the...
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Femoral
Popliteal Tibial Dorsal pedis |
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The femoral artery supplies blood to the...
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Thigh
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The popliteal artery supplies blood to the...
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Knee
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The Tibial artery supplies blood to the...
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Leg, ankle, heel
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The dorsal pedis artery supplies blood to the...
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foot
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The superficial veins include...
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Cephalic
Basilic Median cubital Saphenous Temporal |
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The cephalic, basilic, and median cubital veins receive blood from the...
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Hand, forearm, and elbow
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The saphenous vein receives blood from...
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The lower extremities (long vein in leg)
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The temporal vein receives blood from the...
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Skull
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Deep veins are...
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Axillary
Brachial Subclavian Radial Ulnar Femoral Popliteal Tibial Internal and external iliac Jugular Brachiocephalic |
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The axillary, brachial, and cephalic veins receive blood from...
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Arms
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Radial and ulnar veins receive blood from...
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Hands
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Femoral, popliteal, and tibial veins receive blood from...
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Thigh, knee, and leg
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Internal and external iliac veins receive blood from...
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Pelvis and legs
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Jugular vein receives blood from...
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Face and neck
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