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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of the male reproductive system?
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Produce sperm and testosterone
transport, store and assist sperm accessory organs produce liquid portion of semen ejaculation of sperm and excretion of urine |
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What are the parts of the male reproductive system?
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scrotum, testes (seminiferous tubules), bulbourethral gland, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, ductus deferens, epididymus, urethra
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What are the accessory sex glands?
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seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands
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Name the ducts of the male reproductive system
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epididymus, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra
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What are the supporting structures of the male reproductive system?
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Scrotum and penis
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Name the characteristics of the scrotum
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externally divided by the raphe
testes separated by scrotal septum (dartos muscle) cremaster muscle |
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Where do the testes develop? When and how do they travel to the scrotum?
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high on embryo's posterior abdominal wall
latter half of 7th month via the inguinal canal |
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What is an accumulation of fluid in the testes called and where does it occur? How does one diagnose this?
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hydrocele in the tunica vaginalis
complete examination including palpation, inspection and transillumination |
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Each testis is divided into small areas called _____ which are separated by the _________
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lobules
tunica albuginea |
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How many testicular lobules are there? How many seminiferous tubules each?
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200-300
1-3 |
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What does the epididymus consist of? What occurs in this location and how long does it take?
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ductus epididymus (tightly coiled, 6m long)
sperm maturation, 10-14 days |
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What is the vas deferens?
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continuation of epididymus
turns into ductus deferens ascends along posterior border of the testis stores sperm |
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What is the spermatic cord?
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supporting structure
consists of vas deferens, testicular artery, nerves, veins, lymphatic vessels and muscle |
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Where is the ejaculatory duct?
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posterior to urinary bladder
union of duct from seminal vesicle and ductus deferens beyond this point is the prostatic urethra |
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What are the three parts of the male urethra?
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prostatic
membranous - muscular part between the 2 ishial and pubic rami spongy (penile) - through corpus spongiosum |
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What do the seminal vesicles secrete?
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alkaline, viscous fluid (neutralizes acidic nature of urethra
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What does the bulbourethral gland secrete?
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pea sized
ducts open into spongy urethra secrete alkaline substance and mucous |
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What are the three parts of the penis? What are the three parts of the body? Where does their blood supply come from?
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root
body glans two copora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum left and right testicular arteries/veins |
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Describe the action of the hormone to the male reproductive system
FSH LH testosterone |
spermatogenesis
production of teststerone male characteristics |
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What are the functions of the female reproductive system?
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produce and maintain ova
ova transport support life of offspring and transport out secrete hormones which maintain secondary characteristics and regulate reproductive physiology |
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What does estrogen do? Progesterone? inhibin? relaxin?
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develop ooctyes, secondary characteristics
prepares uterus for implantation, mammary glands inhibits the release of FSH increases flexibility of pubic symphysis and dilates cervix (released from ovaries and placenta) |
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What are the components of the female reproductive system?
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ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, mammary glands
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What hormones do ovaries secrete?
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estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, inhibin
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Which ligaments are associated with the ovaries?
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broad - part of parietal peritoneum, attaches to side of pelvic cavity
mesovarium - double fold of peritoneum which attaches the ovary to the broad ligament ovarian ligament - anchors ovaries to uterus suspensory ligament - attaches ovaries to pelvic wall |
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What is the structure of the ovary, from superficial to deep?
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germinal epithelium
tunica albuginea ovarian cortex ovarian medulla |
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What does the ovarian medulla contain?
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blood vessels, lymphatic vessels
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How many primary follicles at birth? At puberty?
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200,000 to 2 million
40,000 |
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What does the corpus luteum secrete?
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progesterone, estrogen, relaxin, inhibin
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How many primary follicles will mature between the ages of 12-50?
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400
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What are the two follicle phases and what days do they correspond to?
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follicular phase (1-14)
luteal phase (14-28) |
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Where does the left ovarian vein drain? The right?
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left renal vein
IVC |
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What is the distal, open end of each uterine tube called?
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the infundibulum
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How is the ovum transported through the uterine tubes?
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peristalsis and cilia movement
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how many fimbrae attach to an ovary?
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one
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Where does the uterus lie?
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between urinary bladder and rectum
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What is the uterine isthmus?
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constricted region between the body and the cervix
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What are the three layers of the uterus? One of the layers is made up of two layers.
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perimetrium - visceral peritoneum, serous
myometrium - 3 layers smooth muscle endometrium - vascular, stratum functionalis, stratum basalis |
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what are the borders of the peritoneum?
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pubic symphysis, ishial tuberosities, coccyx
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Where to the uterine arteries come from? Where do the uterine veins drain?
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internal iliac arteries
internal iliac veins |
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Describe the follicular cycle
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primary follicle, secondary follicle, mature graafian follicle, corpus luteum, corpus albucans
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How far does the egg develop between birth and puberty?
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the primary oocyte develops the primordial follicle
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Which hormone stimulates the production of milk? The ejection?
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prolactin
oxytocin |
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How many mammary gland lobes? What are the lobes divided into?
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15-20
lobules |
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What is the milk path? What do the ducts expand to form near the nipple?
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alveoli -->secondary tubules --> mammary ducts --> lactiferous duct
lactiferous sinuses |
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What are the pahses of the reproductive cycle?
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menstrual phase - 1-5
primordial to secondary follicle uterine arterioles constrict - menstruation preovulatory phase 6-13 graafian follicle secretes estrogen and inhibin endometrium built up ovulatory phase day 14 release of 2ndary oocyte postovulatory phase 15-28 follicle becomes corpus luteum endometrium prepares of implantation |
