Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Anabaptists |
In the reformation, the most radical member of the protestant group that believed in baptizing only those people who were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in the separation of church and state, it was literal interpretation. |
|
|
Huldrych Zwingli |
Leader of SWISS REFORMATION. Established THEOCRACY(A Government run by Religion) in ZURICH. Only the EUCHARIST was symbolic. LITERAL interpretation of Scripture, no transubstantiation, Bonus- Art and Music. |
|
|
John Calvin |
This French theologian was the leading French Protestant Reformer and very important to the second generation of the Christian Reformation. He deeply influenced Protestantism elsewhere in Europe and in North America. The Calvinist form of Protestantism is has had a great impact on the development of the modern world, and included the Hugeunots. One thing he specifically believed was that God knows before a person is born whether they are going to heaven or hell, by PREDESTINATION. |
|
|
Calvinists |
Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born). Calvinists supported constitutional representative government and the separation of church and state. |
|
|
Charles V/Phillip I |
This was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation by use of the Counter-Reformation |
|
|
John Tetzel |
A priest that works for the Church to sell relics and indulgences. He sells the items not for salvation, but for money because of greed. Martin Luther saw him and was furious with his actions. One of Textzel's saying is, "When the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from Purgatory Springs." |
|
|
Elizabeth I |
Queen of England from 1558 to 1603, Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, half sister of Mary I, leader of Protestant nations of Europe, "the only supreme governor" of the church and state, defeated Spanish Armada, executes Mary I, followed a policy that was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes. She sets up a national Church, is declared head of the Anglican Church, establishes a state Church that moderates Catholics and Protestants, allowed priests to marry, allowed sermons to be delivered in English, and made the Book of Common Prayer more acceptable to Catholics. |
|
|
Holy Roman Empire |
Germany,Bohemia ,Italy,Burgundy, and princes who has his own religion in his own region. |
|
|
Martin Luther |
a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements to reform the church and their practices. The church should only use 2 sacraments (Ukerast Baptism=Community), he created the Diet of Worms and denied to recant, therefor, he was excommunicated from the church. "Faith, not Deeds". He saw Tetzel selling the indulgences and relics, so he created the 95 Thesis. |
|
|
Diet of Worms (1521) |
Assembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw, and excommunicated Martin. |
|
|
Supremacy Act |
(1534) proclaimed King Henry VIII the supreme leader of the Church of England, which meant that the pope was no longer recognized as having any authority within the country, and all matters of faith, ecclesiastical appointment, and maintenance of ecclesiastical properties were in the hands of the king. |
|
|
Anne Boleyn |
a lady-in-waiting of Catherine of Aragon, she later became Henry VIII's second wife in 1533 after he broke off with the church through Reformation Parliament in order to legally divorce his first wife. Although both parents were desperate for a son in order to have him be the heir, she bore Henry a daughter, soon-to-be Queen Elizabeth I. In 1536, she was executed for alleged treason (a crime against one's government), adultery, and incest. |
|
|
Catherine of Aragon |
Daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, and aunt to Emperor Charles the V. Married Henry VIII in 1509. When Henry VIII needed a son to continue the Tudor dynasty, and he found out she could not give him one (only a daughter, Mary), he sought an annulment. Of course, the Catholic Church denied him one, and in return Henry VIII split England from the Catholic Church. |
|
|
Council of Trent |
(1545-1563) a council of three sessions, spread out over eighteen years, with long interruptions due to war, plague and imperial and papal politics. First called by Pope Paul III to reassert church doctrine due to insists by Emperor Charles V and the growing success of the Protestant Reformation. Steps were taken to curtail the selling of church offices and other religious goods. Many bishops who resided in Rome were forced to move to their diocese. Strengthened the authority of local bishops. New rules made that required bishops to preach regularly, be neatly dressed, better educated and active among their parishioiners. However, this council reaffirmed the traditional Scholastic education of the clergy (transubstantiation, good works, etc.) |
|
|
Catholic/Counter Reformation |
the response to the Protestant Reformation. Catholic churches willing to reform in order to win back Protestants to their side. Began with the Council of Trent in 1545. The Roman Inquisition was born, in which those who were believed to be heretic were brought in and brutally questioned. |
|
|
Ignatius Loyola |
(1491-1556) Spanish churchman and founder of the Jesuits (Society of Jesus) (1534); this order of Roman Catholic priests proved an effective force for reviving Catholicism during the Catholic Reformation. Also a soldier. |
|
|
Peace of Augsburg |
(1555) An agreement between Charles V and the princes of Germany. Ended all German religious warfare in 1555. It declared that Lutheranism was a legal, permanent religion along with Catholicism. It also stated that German princes could determine the religion over his subjects. However, Calvinism and Anabaptism was not recognized under this agreement. |
|
|
Transubstantiation |
the term used to describe the changing of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ that takes place during the consecration of the Mass, by the power of the Holy Spirit through the words and actions of the priest |
|
|
Predestination |
Often associated with Calvinism in the Protestant Reformation, it is the doctrine that God has already chosen who will be saved and become Christian and that people have no actual choice in the matter. |
|
|
Anglican church A.K.A Church of England |
The state of church established by King Henry VIII after he broke away from the Catholic church when he was not allowed a divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon. Henry made few Protestant changes, keeping his church mainly Catholic. English clergy were forbidden to marry despite Henry's many amorous affairs. His Six Articles of 1539 were written to reaffirm transubstantiation, deny the Eucharistic cup to the laity, declare celibate vows inviolable, prove for private masses, and order the continuation of oral confession. |
|
|
Jesuits |
Members of the Society of Jesus founded by Ignatius Loyola. Founded by Ignatius de Loyola (1534), they were a religious order that spread Catholicism during the Counter-Reformation. Taught that good Catholics should deny themselves without question to higher church authority and spiritual direction. Perfect discipline and self-control were essential condition of such obedience, they believed. |
|
|
Presbyterian Church |
Church founded by John Knox in Scotland on the ideas of Calvin. Became nationalized government of Scotland, and in 1564, the Book of Common Order became the liturgical directory. Eventually spread to the New World. |
|
|
Index of Prohibited Books |
(1559) Written by Pope Paul IV as part of the Counter-Reformation. It forbade Catholics from reading books considered "harmful" to faith and morals. This indicates the significance of the printing press in disseminating Reformation ideas. |
|
|
Indulgences |
certificates issued by the pope, which were said to reduce or cancel punishment for a person's sins; used to raise money for the church |
|
|
Justification by Faith |
states: if one has faith in God, one is just, or worthy of salvation, in God's eyes. God will grant salvation because God is merciful. God's grace connot be earned by performing good works. One needs to be made right by God, by faith alone. |
|
|
95 Theses |
Document written by Martin Luther and posted on the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg in Germany on the 31st of October, 1517 that listed 95 things that Luther saw wrong with the church; preached especially against the sale of indulgences; widely translated and circulated by Nuremberg Humanists |
|
|
German Peasants Revolt (1525) |
It was the reaction by the peasant class after the introduction of Martin Luther and his radical ideas to European society. Revolt crushed by forces loyal to Charles V ending with over 100,000 dead. |
|
|
Henry VIII |
King Henry VIII wanted to "reduce the realm to the knowledge of God and obedience to us." He was the king of England who broke away from the papacy and created the Church of England to gain a divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon after he fell in love with Anne Boleyn. He used parliament to legalize the Reformation in England. Reigned 1509-1547. |
|
|
Frederick the Wise of Saxony |
Frederick the Wise of Saxony |
|
|
End |
End |
