A&p Quiz #2 (Lab)

Front 1

4 BASIC TYPES OF TISSUE

Back 1

M; muscle tissue

E; epithelial tissue

N; nervous tissue

C; connective tissue

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EPITHELIAL TISSUES

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covering and lining tissues, found covering body surfaces, lining body passageways, lining body cavities and forming glands...primary function is to provide protection

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BASEMENT MEMBRANE

Back 3

made up of lamina reticularis and basal lamina

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AVASCULAR

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having no blood vessels to supply them directly and rely on oxygen and nutrients diffusing up from deeper tissues...for this reason epithelial tissues can't be too think or the oxygen and nutrients won't reach its' cells

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SIMPLE EPITHELIA

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only one layer of cells; 3 kinds:

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Simple Cubodial Epithelium

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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single layer of flat cells with a flattened nucleus...found in air sacs of the lungs

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SIMPLE CUBODIAL EPITHELIUM

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cells are about as wide as they are tall with a round central nucleus...found in lining glands such as the thyroid gland and certain respiratory passages and the kidneys

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SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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cells are taller than they are wide with round nuclei located near the base of the cell...line certain respiratory passages, much of digestive tract and genitourinary tract

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STRATIFIED EPITHELIA

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have two or more layers of cells; 2 kinds

Stratified Epithelia

Stratified Cubodial Epithelia

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STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM

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consists of epithelial cells called keratinocytes that produce the hard protein keratin that are too far away from the blood supply in the deeper tissues so they harden and die...found in outer layer of cells to protect deeper tissues

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TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

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stratified but not classified by its shape because its cells can change shape...typically dome -shaped but flatten out when the tissue is stretched...found in lining of urinary bladder and ureters

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PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL TISSUE

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has the appearance of having many layers but only has one...always columnar and found in the lining of the nasal cavity and much of the respiratory tract

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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functions as a binding and supportive tissue for all other tissues in the body...usually contain few cells and have an extensive extracellular matrix consisting of 3 main types of protein fibers;

Collagen Fibers

Elastic Fibers

Reticular Fibers

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MUSCLE TISSUE

Back 14

adapted to contract

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NERVOUS TISSUE

Back 15

functions to receive stimuli and transmit signals from one part of the body to another

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COLLAGEN FIBERS

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composed of thick protein collagen that gives a tissue tensile strength

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ELASTIC FIBERS

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composed of the protein elastin which makes a tissue distensible

Front 18

RETICULAR FIBERS

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thin fibers that interweave to form networks that support blood vessels, nerves and other structures

Front 19

4 TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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C; connective tissue proper

C; cartilage

B; bone

B; blood

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LOOSE AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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subclass of CT...loose appearance...part of the basement membrane and in the walls of hollow organs

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RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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consists of many reticular fibers...located in the spleen and lymph nodes, blood vessels, and nerves to form supportive networks

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DENSE REGULAR COLLAGENOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles with little ground substance and few cells...exceptionally strong and makes up structures that require tensile strength in a single plane such as tendons and ligaments

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DENSE IRREGULAR COLLAGENOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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consists of bundles of collagen fibers but arranged in an irregular haphazard fashion with no consistent pattern...found where tensile strength is needed like the dermis and joint and organ capsules

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CARTILAGE

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tough but flexible tissue resistant to tension, twisting and compressive forces...avascular

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HYALINE CARTILAGE

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lack of protein fibers so has a smooth, glassy appearance...covers the ends of bones where they form joints with another bone so there is no friction...found in the nose, connecting the ribs to the sternum and certain respiratory passages

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BONE (OSSEOUS TISSUE)

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arranged in concentric layers called the lamellae...hardest tissue in the body and most resistant to mechanical stresses

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BLOOD

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only CT that doesn't actually connect anything...consists of red and white blood cells, platelets and plasma

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SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE

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myocytes are long, tubular and striated in appearance...striations come from the proteins within the muscle fiber called myofilaments...formed from the fusion of cells called myoblasts so are multi-cellular

Front 29

CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE

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located in the heart only...short, fat, striated and branching...linked by intercalated disks...usually have only one nuclei but can have two or more

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SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE

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myocytes are flat with one nucleus in the center of the spindle-shaped cell...no striations...lines all hollow organs and is found in the skin, the eyes and surrounding many glands

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NEURONS

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responsible for sending and receiving messages within the nervous system...large central portion is called the cell body...found in the brain and spinal cord

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DENDRITES

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armlike projections extending from the cell body that receive messages from other neurons

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AXON

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sends messages to other neurons, muscle cells or gland cells

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NEUROGLIAL CELLS

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smaller more numerous cells that surround the neurons...perform functions that support the neurons in some way

Front 35

STRATUM CORNEUM

Back 35

superficiallayer composted of dead cells, contain keratin, dry, flaky appearance

Front 36

STRATUM LUCIDUM

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single layer of translucent, dead cells foundonly in the skin of the palms and soles of the feet

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STRATUM GRANULOSUM

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superficialcells are dead but deeper cells are alive; contain keratin and an oilywaterproofing substance

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STRATUM SPINOSUM

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firstactively metabolizing cells where melanin is found

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STRATUM BASALE

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deepestlayer and contains a single row of actively dividing cells

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PAPILLARY LAYER

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composedof loose connective tissue – contain touch receptors

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RETICULAR LAYER

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thick layer composed of denseirregular collagenous connective tissue , houses sweat glands and sebaceousglands, blood vessels and pressure receptors

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DERMAL PAPILLAE

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projectionthat project into the epidermis

Front 43

PACINIAN (LAMELLATED) CORPUSCLE

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pressurereceptors

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MEISSNER'S (TACTILE) CORPUSCLES

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touchreceptors

Front 45

SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS

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exocrineglands that secrete sweat through small pores

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HAIR FOLLICLE

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tissuelined sheath that surrounds the bulb

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HAIR SHAFT

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longand slender composed of dead keratinized cells

Front 48

ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE

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makeshair stand on endend

Front 49

SEBACEOUS GLAND

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exocrineglands that secrete sebum into hair follicles

Front 50

HYPODERMIS / SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER

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deepest layer