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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tissue
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A group of similar cells and associated structures (the matrix) that function together to carry out specific activities.
They do not act independently and are organized into units that work together. |
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Four basic types of tissue in the human body:
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Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue |
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Epithelial tissue
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Covers body surfaces and/or lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts. It can also form certain types of glands.
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Connective tissue
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It is often found connecting structures together. It protects and supports the body or specific parts of the body, secures organs to other structures, serves as an energy reserve (fat), provides immunity, and transports substances throughout the body (blood).
Composed of a loose arrangement of cells. The cells lie in a matrix that that is composed of ground substance and fibers. The cells rarely contact each other. |
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Organ
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Two or more tissues that function together to perform specific activities.
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Epithelial Tissue
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1. Simple squamous epithelium
2. Simple cuboidal epithelium 3. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 5. Stratified squamous epithelium |
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Simple squamous epithelium
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Consists of one layer of thin, flat, scale-like cells.
Found: Air sac of lung (alveoli); kidneys; blood vessels Function: Passage of materials by diffusion and filtration. |
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Simple cuboidal epithelium
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Composed of one layer of cells that are cube shaped, tightly joined together, and are as tall as they are wide.
Found: Kidney tubules and glands. Function: Secretion and absorption. |
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Lumen
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Cavity inside a tube, blood vessel, or hollow organ.
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Simple columnar epithelium
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Single layer of tall, closely packed cells, aligned and columnar (shaped like a column).
Found: Stomach/anal canal, gallbladder, and glands. Function: Absorption, secretion of mucus and enzymes. |
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Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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(Falsely layered; possessing cilia; shaped like a column).
Really a simple epithelium. Occurs in layers, the nuclei of the cells can be seen at different levels and not all of the cells seem to reach the surface. Each cell attaches to the basement membrane, so there is only one layer of cells although there appears to be more. Found: Lines the trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract. Function: Movement of debris. |
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Stratified squamous epithelium
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Occurs in layers.
The surface cells are squamous (flattened). the layers beneath the surface appear cuboidal and the deepest layer may appear columnar. It is named for it's surface cells and the shape of the nucleus reflects the shape of the cell. The nuclei are elongated and oval. The shape of the nuclei deeper in the cell is round. Found: Epidermis; any place having a mucous membrane. Function: Protection; resist shearing forces. |
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Transitional epithelium
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Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal. Surface cells are dome shaped or squamous-like.
Found: In the bladder; ureter. Function: Stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine; expands. |
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Squamous
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Thin, flattened cells; the width of each cell is greater than its height.
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Cuboidal
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"Cubes" of cells; width, depth, and height of each cell are approximately equal.
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Columnar
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Taller, cylindrical cells; the height of each cell is greater than its width.
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Connective Tissues
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Composed of a loose arrangement of cells. the cells lie in a matrix that is composed of ground substance and fibers. the cells rarely contact each other
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Areolar connective tissue
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Type of loose connective tissue.
Consists of several types of fibers: collagen, elastic, and reticular. There are several types of cells and the most prevalent is the fibroblast. Found: Under epithelia of the body. Function: Supports and binds other tissues; holds body fluids; defends against infection; stores nutrients as fats. |
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Fibroblasts
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Flat, branching cells that appear spindle shaped.
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Dense connective tissue
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Composed primarily of parallel collagen fibers; a few elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast in rows between the bundles.
Found: Tendons; most ligaments; aponeuroses. Function: Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones. |
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Adipose connective tissue
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type of loose connective tissue. It is found along with areolar connective tissue. It has adipocytes (fat cells). Most of the innards of the cell have been pushed to the periphery by a large fat droplet.
Found: Under the hypdermis; around kidneys and eyeballs; within the abdomen and breasts. Function: Provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs. |
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Hyaline cartilage
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More rigidity; contain condrocytes (cartilage cells) located within cavities called lacunae. collagenous and elastic fibers are present. the ground substance is chondroitin surface, a jelly-like material
Found: covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities; ribs, nose, trachea, and larynx. Function: Supports and reinforces, has resilient cushoning properties, resists compressive stress. |
