Ap Psych Unit 6

Front 1

Learning

Back 1

A relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience.

Front 2

Habituation

Back 2

An organisms decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it.

Front 3

Associative learning

Back 3

Learning that certain events occur together the events may be 2 stimuli or a response and its consequences.

Front 4

Classical conditioning

Back 4

We learn to expect and prepare for for significant events such as food or pain.

Front 5

Operant conditioning

Back 5

We learn to repeat actions that bring good results and avoid those that bring bad results.

Front 6

Observational learning

Back 6

By watching others we learn new behaviors.

Front 7

Behaviorism

Back 7

The view that psych should be1)an objective science that 2) studies behavior w/o mental process. Most psychs agree with 1 but not 2

Front 8

Unconditioned response

Back 8

Unlearned natural response to an unconditioned stimulus. Food->salivating.

Front 9

Unconditioned stimulus

Back 9

A stimulus that naturally creates a response.

Front 10

Conditioned response

Back 10

Learned response to a previously neautral but now conditioned stimulus.

Front 11

Conditioned stimulus

Back 11

Origianally latent stimulus that after associating with a unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.

Front 12

Acquisition

Back 12

Initial stage in CC when on links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.

Front 13

Higher order conditioning

Back 13

Procedure in which rhe CS in one experience is paired with a neutral stimulus creating a 2nd conditioned stimulus.

Front 14

Extinction

Back 14

Diminishing of a CS. Occurs when a US does not follow a CS. Occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.

Front 15

Spontaneous recovery

Back 15

Reappearance, after a time, of an extinguished CR.

Front 16

Generalization

Back 16

Similiar conditioned stimuli may illicit similiar responses.

Front 17

Discrimination

Back 17

Learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.

Front 18

Learned helplessness

Back 18

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal learns when unable to avoid repeated adversive events.

Front 19

Respondent behavior

Back 19

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some other stimulus.

Front 20

Operant conditioning

Back 20

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.

Front 21

Law of effect

Back 21

Thorndikes principle tgat behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and behaviors followed by adversive consequences become less likely.

Front 22

Operant chamber

Back 22

(Skinner box) in operant conditioning research, a chamber containing a key that an animal can manipulate to receive an reinforcer, a tracker records the animals rate of key activation.

Front 23

Shaping

Back 23

An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior closer to approximations of the desired behavior.

Front 24

Reinforcer

Back 24

In oc, any event that strengthens behavior it follows.

Front 25

Positive reinforcement

Back 25

Increase behaviors by adding desirable stimulus.

Front 26

Negative reinforcement

Back 26

Increase in behavior by removing adversive stimulus after a response.

Front 27

Primary reinforcer

Back 27

Reinforcer that satisfies a biological need: sex, food, water...

Front 28

Conditioned(secondary) reinforcer

Back 28

Reinforcer that has a given meaning(money) which can be used to obtain primary reinforcers.

Front 29

Pavlov

Back 29

Conditioned dogs to salivate at a certain tone using classical conditioning.

Front 30

John b watson

Back 30

Conducted experiments with littoe Albert which demonstrated conditioned fear of animals as well as generalization.

Front 31

John garcia

Back 31

Challenged the idea of associtiations by conditioning rats with radiated water.

Front 32

Thorndike

Back 32

Ask vic

Front 33

Law of effect

Back 33

Thorndikes principle that behavior that is followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences are less likely.

Front 34

Continuous reinforcement

Back 34

Reinforcing desired behavior every time it occurs.

Front 35

Partial(intermittent) reinforcement

Back 35

Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.

Front 36

Fixed ratio

Back 36

Reinforcement given after a set number of actions(buy ten coffees get one free).

Front 37

Variable ratio

Back 37

After an unpredictable number reinforcement is given.(fishing or gambling).

Front 38

Fixed interval

Back 38

Reinforcement after a fixed time such as Tuesday discounts.

Front 39

Ratio variable

Back 39

Variable interval

Hint 39

Reinforcement at random unpredictable time, receiving a text.