Ap Psych Motivation And Emotion

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glucose

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the form of sugar that circulates the blood and provides the major source of energy for the body tissue

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insulin

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increases diminish blood sugar--which causes to feel hungry

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orexin

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lateral hypothalamus brings on hunger and secretes hunger, which triggers the hormone

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ventromedial hypothalamus

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depresses hunger

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ghrelin

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a hunger arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomch

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PYY

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suppresses appetite and makes you feel full

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set point

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the point at which an individual's weight thermostat is supposedly set. when the body falls below this weight an increase in and hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight, not biological

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basal metabolic rate

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the body's resting rate of energy expenditure

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anorexia nervosa

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an eating disorder in which a normal weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve

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bulimia nervosa

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and eating disorder characterzed by episodes of overeating usually of high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

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sexual response cycle

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the four stages of sexual responding described by william masters and virginia johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

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excitement phase

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genital areas become engorged w/ blood, a woman's vagina expands and secretes lubricant, and her breasts and nipples may enlarge

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plateau phase

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excitement peaks as breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to increase. the penis becomes fully engorged and some fulid-frequently containing enough live sperm to enable conception, may appear at its tip. vaginal secretion continues to increase, the clitoris retracts, and organsm feels imminent

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orgasm

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same feeling in men and women; muscle contractions are experienced all over th ebody, accompanied by further increases in breathing, pulse, and blood pressure

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resolution phase

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the body gradually returns to its unaroused state as teh engorged genital blood vessels release their acculmulated blood--relatively quickly if orgasm has occured, relatively slowly otherwise. male enters a refractory period during this phase

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refractory phase

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a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm. the female's much shorter refractory period may enable her to have another orgasm if restimulated during or soon after resolution

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sexual disorders

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a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal and functioning-- premature ejaculation, erectile disorder, orgasmic disorder

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problems w/ sexual motivation

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lack of sexual energy and arousablility

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erectile disorder

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men- inability to have or mainitain an erection

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orgasmic disorder (women)

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infrequently or never experiencing orgasm

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estrogen

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a sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by females that by males. in nonjuman femal mammals, estorgen levels peak during ovulation, promotion sexual receptivity

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testosterone

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the most important of the male sex hormones. both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimultes the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

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flow

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a completely involved, focused state of cosciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills

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industrial organizational psychology (I/O)

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the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimize human behavior in workplaces

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personnel psychology

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a subfield of I/O that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development

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organizational psychology

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a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influneces on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational chance

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sttructured interviews

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interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard

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task leadership

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goal oriented leadership that sets standars, organizes work, and focueses attenetion on goals

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social leadership

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ground oriented leadership that builds teamwork, medites conflict, and offers support

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engaged

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working w/ passion and feeling a prfound connection to their company or organization

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not-engaged

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putting in the time, but investing little passion or energy into their work

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actively disengaged

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unhappy workers undermining what their colleagues accomplish

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self-esttem

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a gauge of how valued and accepted we feel

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affiliate

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to feel connected and to identify with others

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ostracism

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social exclusion

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anterior cingulated cortex

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part of the brain that controls both physical and social pain

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personal psychologists

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work with organizations to devise selection methods for new employees and their recruit and evaluate training programs

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interiewer illusion

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a feeling of overconfidence in one's intuitive ability to predict employee success

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halo errors

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judgments based on personal qualitites rath thatn on the job behavior

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leniency/ severity errors

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blanket judgments treating everone too kindly or harshly

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recency errors

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judgments based on easily remembered recent behavior

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higher profits, higher productivity, lower turnover, and loyal customer productivity

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research shows that the most productive and engaged workers are those working in satisfying environments. employee satisfaction also tend to translate into those

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emotion

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a resoponse of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience

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james-lange theory

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the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of physiological response emotion arousing stimuli feeling fear follows the body's response

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cannon-bard theory

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the theory that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological response, and subjective experience of emotion (body's response begins as you experience fear, one does not cause the other)

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two-factor theory

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schachter-singer's theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

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autonomic nervous system

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controls arousal, has two divisions- sympathetic and parasympathetic

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sympatheic division

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directs adrenal gland to relase stress hormone epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (nonadrenaline)

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parasympathetic division

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inhibits further release of stress hormones, gradually diminshes arousal

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spillover effect

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when arousal lingers from one event and spills over into the response to the next even (after exercising and irritating event can make a person react with more anger than usual because of the heightened arousal of working out

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polygraph

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a machine commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascual and breathign changes)

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empathy

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you identify with others and imagine what it must be like to walk in thier shoes

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emoticons

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used in computer bsed comunication to express emotions

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charles darwin

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speculated that in prehistoric times our ancestors were able to survive due largely to facial expressions

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facial feedback hypothesis

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expressions not only communicate emotion, they also amplify and regulate it (james laird)

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behavior feedback hypothesis

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if we move our body as we would when experiencing some emotion, we are liekly to feel that emotion to some degree

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sexual orientation

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an enduring sexual attraction toward members of eithr one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)

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fear

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alarm system that prepares body to flee from danger

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conditioning

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learning fear- experience
-infants learn fear of ehights from falls or near-falls

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observation

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learning fear- watching
-monkeys in the wild fear snakes; captive monkeys do not

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anterior cingulated cortex

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sends input from amygdala that associates fears w/ certain situations

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amygdala

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remembers conditioning (knows they should be afraid) but shows no emotional response

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hippocampus

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shows the conditioned emotion but does not remeber why

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phobia

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intense fear of specific objects

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catharsis

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emotional release

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feel good, do good phenomenon

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tendency to hbe helpful when in a good mood

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subjective well-being

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self-perceived happiness, used to evaluate quality of life

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adaptation-level phenomenon

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our tendency to orm judgements of sounds, lights, incole relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

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realtive deprivaion

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the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself