Ap Psych Final

Front 1

The effect of prior experience and current expectations on perception best illustrates the importance of

Back 1

top down processing

Front 2

Sensation is to ____________ as perception is to

Back 2

detection; interpretation

Front 3

Standing in the checkout line at the grocery store, Jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a result, he failed to see that the person just in front of them was robbing a store employee. Jerry most clearly suffered-

Back 3

inattention blindness

Front 4

Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smiled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower_______ for skunk odor than his parents have.

Back 4

absolute threshold

Front 5

Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds?

Back 5

signal detection theory

Front 6

After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates

Back 6

sensory adaptation

Front 7

Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina?

Back 7

dilation of the pupil

Front 8

The receptor cells that convert light energy into neural signals are called

Back 8

rods and cones

Front 9

Feature detectors

Back 9

are nerve cells in the brain's visual cortex that fire in response to specific edges, lines, and angles

Front 10

Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light and still others to blue light is most directly supported to which theory?

Back 10

young Helmholtz

Front 11

The basilar membrane is located in the

Back 11

cochlea

Front 12

Which theory best explain how we perceive low pitched sounds?

Back 12

frequency theory

Front 13

If you burn your finger,___________transmit pain triggering signals to your central nervous system.

Back 13

nociceptors

Front 14

People who carry a gene that boosts the availability of ______ are less bothered by pain.

Back 14

endorphins

Front 15

Which basic taste attracts us to protein-rich foods?

Back 15

umami

Front 16

A gestalt is best described as an

Back 16

organized whole

Front 17

The cocktail party effect is you ability to selectively attend to one voice among many

Back 17

figure ground

Front 18

The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as

Back 18

linear perspective

Front 19

Imagine your friend walking toward you in the hall at school. As your friend gets closer; the image cast on your retina

Back 19

gets larger

Front 20

As your teacher dims the lights to show a movie clip, you still perceive your friend's shirt as red. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon

Back 20

color constancy

Front 21

Margo insists that her dreams frequently enable her to perceive and predict future events. Margo is claiming to possess the power of

Back 21

precognition

Front 22

The study of phenomena such as clairvoyance and telepathy is called

Back 22

parapsychology

Front 23

The impact of experience on perception is most clearly illustrated by

Back 23

perceptual adaptation

Front 24

When two adjacent lights blink on and off in a quick succession, we perceive a single light moving back and forth between them. This is called

Back 24

the phi phenomenon

Front 25

Experiments with the visual cliff suggests that

Back 25

the ability to perceive depth is at least partly innate

Front 26

An instinctive behavior is one that is

Back 26

unlearned

Front 27

An aroused or activated state that is often triggered by a physiological need is called a

Back 27

drive

Front 28

Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction is defined as

Back 28

the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state

Front 29

The role of learning in motivation is most obvious from the influence of

Back 29

incentives

Front 30

Victims of a famine will often eat unappetizing and nutritionally poor foods simply to relieve their constant hunger. Their behavior is best explained in terms of

Back 30

drive reduction theory

Front 31

According to Abraham Maslow, our need for belongingness must be met before our need for

Back 31

esteem

Front 32

Destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus of a rat is most likely to

Back 32

cause the rat to become extremely fat

Front 33

People's preferences for sweet dates are ________ and their preferences for excessively salty tastes are ___________.

Back 33

universal;learned

Front 34

Anorxia nervosa is typically characterized by

Back 34

an obsessive fear of becoming obese

Front 35

Foolish conformity to peer pressur is most likely to be motivated by__________ needs

Back 35

belongingness

Front 36

Ten year old Vito tells his friend, "when you notice that your knees knock and your hands sweat, and your stomach is in knots, then you really get scared." This statement best illustrates the

Back 36

James Lange Theory

Front 37

The two factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ___________ than does the James Lange theory

Back 37

cognitive activity

Front 38

Which researcher believed that our body's responses were not distinct enough to evoke different emotions

Back 38

Walter Cannon

Front 39

Walking home from work late one night Judy suddenly hears footsteps behind her. Her heart pounds, her muscles tens, and her mouth goes dry. These bodily responses are activated by her ________ nervous system

Back 39

sympathetic

Front 40

The emotions of fear and anger involve similar

Back 40

patterns of autonomic arousal

Front 41

Our most rapid and automatic emotional responses may result form the routing of sensory input thought the thalamus directly to the

Back 41

amygdala

Front 42

Which of the following emotional reactions is most likely priced any conscious thinking?

Back 42

fear

Front 43

Compared with males, females are more likely to cry and report distress when observing someone in distress. This best illustrates

Back 43

empathy

Front 44

In with country are people most likely to convey visible facial expressions of their inner feelings

Back 44

Australia

Front 45

Research on human fear indicates that

Back 45

people seem to be biologically predisposed to learn some fears more quickly than others

Front 46

Personalily is best defined as an individual's

Back 46

characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting

Front 47

Free association is a method designed to

Back 47

form close relationships between group members

Front 48

Freud suggested that the remembered events and images in our dreams were a censored expression of the dream's

Back 48

psychosexual stages

Front 49

Katrina habitually makes nasty hostile comments about her teachers. Freud would have suggested that her behavior illustrates the powerful influence of the

Back 49

id

Front 50

According to Freud, the most important erogenous zone during the earliest infancy consists of the

Back 50

mouth

Front 51

According to freud, children develop unconscious sexual desired for the parent of the opposite sex during the _______ stage

Back 51

genital

Front 52

Children who release unexpressed anger toward their parents by kicking the family pet illustrate that the defense mechanism of

Back 52

regression

Front 53

Alfred Adler was a neo-Freudian who coined the term

Back 53

inferiority complex

Front 54

Abraham Maslow studies the lives of Abraham Lincoln , Thomas Jeffersona dn Eleanor Roosevelt in order to understand the nature of

Back 54

reciprocal determinism

Front 55

Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is

Back 55

a mental ability to learn from experience

Front 56

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to

Back 56

identify clusters of of closely related test items

Front 57

The psychologist who disagreed with Spearman about the nature of intelligence identifying seven clusters of primary mental abilities rather than one general intelligence factor

Back 57

L.L. Thurstone

Front 58

The characteristics of savant syndrome most directly suggest that intelligence is

Back 58

diverse set of distinct abilities

Front 59

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical creative and ___________ intelligence

Back 59

practical

Front 60

When Andy becomes upset about getting a poor grade, he typically fails to realize that he feels scared. This lack of self insight best illustrates an inadequate level of

Back 60

emotional intelligence

Front 61

Binet and Simon designed a test of intellectual abilities in order to

Back 61

identify children likely to have difficulty learning in regular school classes

Front 62

A 6 year old who responded to the original Standford Binet with he proficiency typical o fan average 8 year old was said to have the IQ OR

Back 62

133

Front 63

If a test yields consistent results overtime it is use, it has a high degree of

Back 63

reliability

Front 64

Sasha has a mild intellectual disability. She has achieved the equivalent of. fifth grade education and will soon begin vocational training so that she can earn a living. Sasha's intelligence score is most likely between

Back 64

50-69