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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Motivation
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A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
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Instincts
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A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
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Drive-Reduction Theory
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The idea that physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
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Homeostasis
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A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry such as blood glucose around a particular level
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Incentive
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A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
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Hierarchy of Needs
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Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safty needs and then psychological needs become active
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Glucose
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The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for the body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hungry
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Set Point
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The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
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Basal Metabolic Rate
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The bod'y resting rate of energy expenditure
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Anorexia Nervosa
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An eating disorder in which a normal weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet still feeling fat, continues to starve
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Bulmia Nervosa
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an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
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Sexual Response Cycle
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the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
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Refractory Period
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a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
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Sexual Disorder
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a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
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Estrogen
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a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity
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Sexual Orientation
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an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)
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Flow
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a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills
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Industrial-organizational (I/O)
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the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
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Personnel Psychology
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a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development
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Organizational Psychology
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a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
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Stuctured Interviews
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interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales
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Achievement Motivation
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a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard
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Task Leadership
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goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work and focuses attention on goals
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Social Leadership
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group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
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Theory X
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assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above
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Theory Y
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assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity
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