A&p Lecture For Exam One

Front 1

What two layers make up the integument?

Back 1

Epidermis, dermis

Front 2

What are the three layers of skin?

Back 2

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer

Front 3

What is the portion of the hair that exits out of the skin?

Back 3

Hair shaft

Front 4

Ventral is synonymous with what other term?

Back 4

Anterior

Front 5

Dorsal is synonymous with what other word?

Back 5

Posterior (for bipeds)

Front 6

_______ is closer to the trunk in relation to something else.

Back 6

Proximal

Front 7

________ is further from the trunk in relation to something else.

Back 7

Distal

Front 8

_____ is closer to the midline

Back 8

Medial

Front 9

_____ is further away from the midline

Back 9

Lateral

Front 10

What body cavities are lined by a serous membrane?

Back 10

Ventral

Front 11

What does serous mean?

Back 11

Thin, watery fluid

Front 12

What is a serous membrane?

Back 12

thin membrane that secretes serous fluid in order to lubricate between internal organs and reduce friction

Front 13

What is the purpose of a serous membrane?

Back 13

Lubrication, reduce friction

Front 14

Which serous membrane lines the cavity wall and which serous membrane lines the organ? Why is the space between the two membranes potential space?

Back 14

Parietal membrane lines cavity wall
Visceral membrane lines the organ
The space is potential space because it's not empty, it is filled with serous fluid

Front 15

What is the lining directly on the lungs called? What is the lining on the thoracic cavity around the lungs? What is the space between the two called?

Back 15

Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Serous cavity

Front 16

What body cavities have serous membranes?

Back 16

Ventral

Front 17

Which serous membrane layer is on the outside, against the cavity wall?

Back 17

Parietal

Front 18

Which serous membrane is on the organ?

Back 18

Visceral layer

Front 19

What does the word "viscera" mean?

Back 19

Organ

Front 20

What is another word for organ?

Back 20

Viscera

Front 21

Name the nine abdominopelvic regions

Back 21

Right hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Right iliac
epigastric
umbilical
hypogastric
Left hypochondriac
Left lumbar
left iliac

Front 22

What does "epi" mean?

Back 22

above

Front 23

Which cavity type is encased completely in bone?

Back 23

Posterior aspect or dorsal body cavity

Front 24

What are the two subdivisions of the posterior aspect?

Back 24

Cranial, which houses the brain and is also called endocranium, and the vertebral canal, which is formed by the bones of the vertebral column and houses the spinal cord.

Front 25

What are the two main cavities that are part of the ventral cavity?

Back 25

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Front 26

What organ separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

Back 26

Diaphragm

Front 27

What organ separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

Back 27

Diaphragm

Front 28

Are the cavities of the posterior aspect lined with serous membranes?

Back 28

No

Front 29

What three cavities are part of the thoracic cavity?

Back 29

Mediastinum, pleural, and pericardial

Front 30

What two cavities are part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Back 30

Abdominal, pelvic

Front 31

What kind of fluid is secreted by serous membranes?

Back 31

Serous fluid

Front 32

The median space in the thoracic cavity is called the _____?

Back 32

Mediastinum

Front 33

What is contained in the mediastinum?

Back 33

heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea and major blood vessels that connect to the heart

Front 34

The pericardium is composed of two _____ membranes called the _______ membrane and the ______ membrane, making the pericardial cavity.

Back 34

serous; visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium

Front 35

What types of membranes are associated with the lungs?

Back 35

Parietal pleura, visceral pleura, creating the pleural cavity.

Front 36

Where do the abdominal and pelvic cavities subdivide?

Back 36

plane at the level of the superior aspects of the ilia

Front 37

The two-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity

Back 37

Peritoneum

Front 38

Which body cavity is associated with the lungs, and what are the names of its serous membranes?

Back 38

Pleural cavity; parietal pleura and visceral pleura

Front 39

Homeostasis means what? (break the word down)

Back 39

ABOUT the same
homeo means about
stasis means state

Front 40

The body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in response to changing internal or external conditions.

Back 40

Homeostasis

Front 41

Describe the homeostasis process.

Back 41

Change from baseline, or stimulus.
Receptors are structures that detect the stimulus
Receptors send a signal to the control center
Control centers include the brain and endocrine system
Control center sends output information to effector
An effector is a muscle or gland that brings about a change to the stimulus
Homeostasis is restored

Front 42

What system includes a stimulus, receptor, control center, and effector?

Back 42

Homeostasis

Front 43

List and describe three components of a homeostatic system and give examples of each in the human body.

Back 43

Stimulus, receptor, control center, effector.
receptor, control center, and effector are the same when the pancreas detects the sugar levels in the blood and adjusts insulin accordingly.

Front 44

Most processes in the body are controlled by (positive/negative) feedback?

Back 44

Negative

Front 45

What is the baseline called for homeostasis around which positive and negative feedback revolve?

Back 45

Set point

Front 46

Body temperature is regulated by what part of the brain?

Back 46

Hypothalamus

Front 47

Describe how the hypothalamus reacts to low external temperatures.

Back 47

The hypothalamus can be alerted to the external drop in temperature by nerve sensors in the skin, or by the lowered temperature of the blood that passes through it. The hypothalamus then alters nerve impulses to the vessels in the skin to decrease the lumen diameter, reducing the amount of blood near the surface of the skin that is radiating heat and shunting the blood to the core of the body.

Front 48

Examining the superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the covering skin is called:
a. regional anatomy
b. surface anatomy
c. pathologic anatomy
d. comparative anatomy

Back 48

b. surface anatomy

Front 49

The _______ level of organization is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform a common function.
a. cellular
b. molecular
c. organ
d. organismal

Back 49

c. organ

Front 50

The term _______ refers to the sum of all chemical reactions in the body.
a. metabolism
b. responsiveness
c. stimulus
d. reproduction

Back 50

a. metabolism

Front 51

anabolism/catabolism is the building up of a molecule from small to large and anabolism/catabolism is the breaking down of a molecule from large to small

Back 51

anabolism
catabolism

Front 52

A midsagittal plane separates the body into
a. anterior and posterior portions
b. superior and inferior portions
c. right and left halves
d. unequal right and left portions

Back 52

c. right and left halves

Front 53

The term used to describe an appendage structure that is closest to its point of attachment to the trunk is
a. distal
b. lateral
c. superior
d. proximal

Back 53

d. proximal

Front 54

The _______ region is the anterior part of the knee.
a. patellar
b. popliteal
c. pes
d. inguinal

Back 54

b. Popliteal

Front 55

Which body cavity is located inferior to the diaphragm and superior to a horizontal line drawn between the superior edges of the hip bones?
a. abdominal cavity
b. pelvic cavity
c. pleural cavity
d. pericardial cavity

Back 55

a. abdominal cavity

Front 56

The _____ is the serous membrane layer that covers the surface of the lungs.
a. parietal pleura
b. visceral pericardium
c. visceral peritoneum
d. visceral pleura

Back 56

d. visceral pleura

Front 57

The state of maintaining a constant internal environment within an organism is called
a. reproduction
b. homeostasis
c. imbalance
d. life

Back 57

b. homeostasis

Front 58

In a negative feedback mechanism, which of the following events does NOT occur?
a. a stimulus is a change in some variable (eg rise in blood glucose levels)
b. a receptor perceives a stimulus
c. the control center sends output to an effector
d. the effector stimulates or increases the stimulus, so the cycle continues

Back 58

d. the effector stimulates or increases the stimulus, so the cycle continues

Front 59

what is the storage form of glucose in animals?

Back 59

glycogen, stored in the liver and some in the muscles

Front 60

The study of cells

Back 60

cytology

Front 61

Name three modified versions of the plasma membrane

Back 61

Microvilli, flagella, cilia

Front 62

What is the largest structure within the cell?

Back 62

Nucleus

Front 63

What is the fluid inside the nucleus called?

Back 63

Nucleoplasm

Front 64

What is intracellular fluid called?

Back 64

Cytosol also called cytoplasmic matrix

Front 65

What does the prefix cyto- mean?

Back 65

Cell

Front 66

What are the primary components of the cytoplasm?

Back 66

Cytosol, inclusions, and organelles

Front 67

Name two categories of organelles

Back 67

Membrane-bound, non-membrane-bound

Front 68

Name some membrane-bound organelles

Back 68

endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria