A&p Lab Exercise 6

Front 1

Integumentary System

Back 1

Skin together with blood vessels, glands, nerves and sense organs

Front 2

System

Back 2

A group of organs that function together for a common purpose.

Protection is the primary function of the skin. It also helps regulate temperature, and conserve water. The skin can also get rid of waste products produced by the body and it begins the synthesis of vitamin D.

Front 3

Epidermis

Back 3

Consists of several layers.
Starting with the base:

1.) Stratum germinativum/ basale
2.) Stratum spinosum
3.) Stratum granulosum
4.) Stratum Corneum

Front 4

Stratum germinatvium/basale

Back 4

The layer of cells at the base; Epidermal cells are constantly produced here and are pushed toward the surface.

Front 5

Stratum Corneum

Back 5

Made up of the outermost cells of the epidermis;
This area contains many rows of dead cells filled with keratin, a chemical that helps waterproof the skin;

Front 6

Dermis

Back 6

The second major skin region and is the largest layer;
Has two layers the papillary and reticular;
Is composed of connective tissue and contains fibers (collagen and elastic);
It also has cells associated with connective tissue (fibroblasts and adipocytes).

Front 7

Hair Follicle

Back 7

Composed of epithelial cells;
Fold down from the epidermal surface into the dermis.

Front 8

Bulb

Back 8

Located at the base of the hair follicle;
May even extend into the hypodermis.

Front 9

Papilla

Back 9

An indentation in the bulb;
Have blood vessels which bring nourishment to the hair.

Front 10

Hair (pilus)

Back 10

Flexible strands produced by hair follicles and consist largely of dead keratinized cells;
Classified as vellus or terminal;

1.) Vellus: body hair of children and adult females; is usually pale and fine

2.) Terminal: Coarser, longer hair of the eyebrows and scalp; also public area (both sexes), face and chest of men.

Front 11

Hair shaft

Back 11

Projects from the skin, extends about halfway down the portion of the hair embedded in the skin;
The portion in which keratinization is complete.

Front 12

Hair root

Back 12

Located beneath the surface of the skin and is the remainder of the hair deep within the follicle;
Place where keritinization is still ongoing.

Front 13

Sebaceous glands (oil)

Back 13

Simple branched alveolar glands found all over the body except in thick skin;
They secrete an oily substance called sebum;
Most develop from hair follicles and sebum is secreted into a hair follicle, or occasionally to a pore on the skin surface;
Usually dormant until activated by puberty.

Front 14

Sudoriferous glands (sweat)

Back 14

Distributed over the entire skin surface except the nipples and parts of the external genitalia;
Two types: Eccrine & Apocrine;
The secretory part lies coiled in the dermis, and the duct extends to open in a funnel-shaped pore at the skin surface.

Front 15

Arrector pili

Back 15

Smooth muscle associated with the hair follicle;
It is attached in such a way that its contraction pulls the hair follicle into an upright position and dimples the skin surface to produce goose bumps in response to cold external temperatures or fear.

Front 16

Hypodermis

Back 16

Superficial fascia or subcutaneous layer;
Consists of areolar and adipose connective tissues;
Anchors the skin to the underlying structures (mostly to muscles), but loosely enough that the skin can slide relatively freely over those structures.

Front 17

Integumentary Questions:

Back 17

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Front 18

What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?

Back 18

Stratum corneum

Front 19

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?

Back 19

Stratum germinativum

Front 20

What type of cells compose a sebaceous gland?

Back 20

Cubodial

Front 21

Where does the arrector pili muscle attach?

Back 21

Hair follicle

Front 22

Function of Stratum Corneum:

Back 22

Protection and waterproofing

Front 23

Function of Stratum Germinativum:

Back 23

Layer where new skin cells are made

Front 24

Function of keratin:

Back 24

Protein barrier that protects the skin

Front 25

Function of the Papilla:

Back 25

Houses free nerves and blood vessels for nutrients.

Front 26

Function of the sudoriferous gland:

Back 26

Sweat

Front 27

Function of the sebaceous gland:

Back 27

Oil production

Front 28

Function of the arrector pili:

Back 28

Stands hair on end

Front 29

Integumentary System

Back 29

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