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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bone
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Composed of bone tissue, connective tissue, and has channels through which course blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.
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Osteocyte
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Mature bone cells;
are scattered in a matrix composed of collagen fibers and a great amount of crystalized tricalcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite). Calcium carbonate and smaller amounts of other minerals are also present. |
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Osteoblast
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Matrix synthesizing cell responsible for bone growth.
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Compact bone
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A dense outer layer that looks smooth and solid to the naked eye.
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Spongy bone
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A honeycomb of small needle-like or flat pieces called trabeculae (little beams);
In living bones the open spaces between trabeculae are filled with red or yellow bone marrow. |
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Osteon or
Haversian system |
Structural unit of compact bone
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Organization of Compact Bone
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Lacuna(e)
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A small cavity in bone; occupied by cells
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Canaliculi
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Small, hair-like canals that radiate from the lacuna that contain processes from the osteocyte.
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Lamella(e)
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Bony matrix laid down in concentric rings; they are adjacent to reinforce on e another in order to resist twisting. and torsion stress.
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Central canal
(Haversian or osteonic canal) |
Found in the center of the osteon running through the core;
Contain veins, arteries, nerves, lymphatics that serve the needs of the osteon's cell. |
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Perforating canals
(Volkmann's canals) |
Lie at right angles to the long axis of the bone;
They connect the blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to those in the central canal and the medullary cavity |
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Trabeculae
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Feature of spongy bone;
it is not organized in the orderly arrangement of the osteon; it consists of lamellae arranged in a latticework of these thin bony plates. |
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Perforating canals
(Volkmann's canals) |
Lie at right angles to the long axis of the bone;
They connect the blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to those in the central canal and the medullary cavity |
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Trabeculae
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Feature of spongy bone;
it is not organized in the orderly arrangement of the osteon; it consists of lamellae arranged in a latticework of these thin bony plates. |
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Parts of a Long Bone
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Articular (Hyaline) cartilage
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Covers bone ends at movable joints.
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Compact bones
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Every bone has this dense outer layer that looks smooth and solid to the naked eye.
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Diaphysis
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A tube or shaft that forms the long axis of the bone.
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Ephiphysis
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The bone ends;
Proximal and Distal |
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Medullary cavity
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Middle of the bone or "marrow cavity";
contains the yellow bone marrow. |
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Spongy bone
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Internal to the compact bone;
a honeycomb of small needle-like or flat pieces. |
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Red bone marrow
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Located in between the trabeculae of the spongy bone.
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Metaphysis
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The point between the epiphysis and the diaphysis.
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Periosteum
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The external surface of the bone is covered by this glistening white, double layered membrane.
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Long bones
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Greater length than width;
Ex: femur, humerus, fibula, tibia, ulna, radius |
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Short bones
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Have a cube-like shape
Ex: wrist bones, carpals, and tarsals |
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Flat bones
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Have a thin, compressed shape
Ex: clavicle, rib, top of skull |
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Irregular bones
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Have a complex shape
Ex: Vertabrae |
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Sesamoid bones
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Have a round shape or "sesame seed" shape
Ex: Patella (knee cap) |
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Wormian bones
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Located in the joints
Ex: sutures of the cranium |
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Surface Features of Bones
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Fissure
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A narrow slit-like opening;
for passage of blood vessels and nerves Ex: Superior orbital fissure |
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Foramen
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Usually a fairly large, round hole;
for passage of blood vessels and nerves Ex: Foramen magnum; vertebral foramen |
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Fossa
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A shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface;
for passage of blood vessels and nerves Ex: Mandibular fossa |
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Meatus
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A tube or canal-like passage;
for passage of blood vessels and nerves Ex: External auditory (acoustic) meatus |
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Sinus
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An air-filled cavity in a bone and lined with mucous membrane;
for passage of blood vessels and nerves Ex: Maxillary sinus |
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Sulcus
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A groove or furrow
Ex: Intertubercular sulcus |
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Process
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A projection of a bone
Ex: zygomatic process, styloid process, or spinous process, mastoid process |
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Condyle
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A large roughly rounded process;
contributes to the formation of a joint Ex: Occipital condyle (where C1 fits) |
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Facet
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A flat, smooth surface;
contributes to the formation of a joint Ex: Superior articular facet or the inferior articular facet (thoracic vertebrae) |
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Head
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A rounded process supported on a narrower part, the neck;
contributes to the formation of a joint Ex: head of a femur |
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Crest
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A prominent ridge;
provides a place for the attachment of ligaments, tendons and other types of connective tissue Ex: Iliac crest |
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Epicondyle
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A process above a condyle;
provides a place for the attachment of ligaments, tendons and other types of connective tissue |
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Line (linea)
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Smaller ridge than a crest;
used for the attachment of ligaments, tendons and other types of connective tissue Ex: Linea aspera |
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Trochanter
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A large process of the femur;
used for the attachment of ligaments, tendons, and other types of connective tissue Ex: Femur's greater trochanter |
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Tubercle
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A small rounded process;
used for attachment of ligaments, tendons, and other connective tissue Ex: Humerus' greater tubercle |
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Tuberosity
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A large, rough process;
for attachment of ligaments, tendons, and other connective tissue Ex: Ischial tuberosity |
