A&p Ii: Respiratory System (Chap 23)

Front 1

What are the 3 functions of the respiratory system?

Back 1

Gas exchange
Sound production
Sense of smell

Front 2

What is another word for voicebox?

Back 2

Larynx

Front 3

What does the hard palate allow you to do?

Back 3

Allows you to breath and chew simultaneously

Front 4

glottis

Back 4

opening for air on the trachea

Front 5

epiglottis

Back 5

covers the glottis when swallowing so that food does not enter wrong pipe

Front 6

What keeps the trachea open?

Back 6

C-chaped hyaline cartilage

Front 7

What is the trachea lined with?

Back 7

Pseudostratified columnar epithelia with goblet cells and cilia

Front 8

What does the trachea branch into?

Back 8

Bronchi, which then branches into primary, secondary, tertiary, etc. bronchi on each side

Front 9

hilium

Back 9

dent in an organ that tubes go in and out of

Front 10

How many lobes does each have:

Right lung?

Left lung?

Back 10

Right lung = 3 lobes

Left lung = 2 lobes

Front 11

Fill in the blank.

Terminal bronchiole --> _______ --> Alveoli

Back 11

Repiratory brochiole

Front 12

conducting zone vs. respiratory zone

Back 12

conducting - area where we move air

respiratory - gas exchange between air and blood

Front 13

What are 4 reasons why lungs don't collapse?

Back 13

1. Hard skull keeps nasal cavities, pharyx, and bronchi open

2. Trachea has cartilage rings

3. Lungs surrounded by pleura

4. Surfactant

Front 14

pneumothorax

What usually follows pneumothorax?

Back 14

air in the pleura


Atelectasis

Front 15

atelectasis

Back 15

collapsed lung

Front 16

surfactant

Back 16

reduces adhesion and cohesion of water molecules found on alveolar surfaces

Front 17

Pneumocyte I

Back 17

make up alveolar wall

Front 18

Pneumocyte II

Back 18

produce surfactant

Front 19

law of diffusion of gases

Back 19

if they can, gasses will move from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

Front 20

Boyle's law

Back 20

relates pressure w/ volume; as pressure goes up, volume goes down & vice versa

Front 21

Dalton's law of partial pressures

Back 21

in a mixture of gases, each gas will exert a part of the total pressure equal to its amount

Front 22

Henry's law

Back 22

deals with gases moving in and out of liquids; gases will follow rule of diffusion

Front 23

Use of what law allows humans to control ventilation?

Back 23

Boyle's law

Front 24

What is your primary respiratory muscle?

What also helps?

Back 24

Diaphragm

Intercostal muscles

Front 25

External respiration is better known as...

Back 25

Pulmonary gas exchange

Front 26

Internal respiration is better known as...

Back 26

Systemic gas exchange

Front 27

Why do we move blood from right ventricle to lungs?

Back 27

Get O2 and dump CO2

Front 28

Why do we move blood from left ventricle to body?

Back 28

Send O2 and pick up CO2

Front 29

What percent of O2 in blood is bound to hemes?

What is this called?

Back 29

98%

Oxyhemoglobin

Front 30

23% of blood CO2 is ____________.

They ride on _______.

Back 30

carbaminoHb

protein arms

Front 31

7% of blood CO2 is dissolved in ________.

Back 31

plasma

Front 32

70% of blood CO2 is carried as ____.

Back 32

HCO3- (bicarbonate)

Front 33

What enzyme is responsible for this:

CO2 + H20 --> <-- H2CO3

Back 33

carbonic anhydrase

Front 34

What is H2CO3 called?

Back 34

Carbonic acid

Front 35

tuberculosis

Back 35

highly contagious infection of the lungs

Front 36

tracheostomy

Back 36

tube is inserted to permit airflow to trachea via incision

Front 37

COPD

Back 37

progress disorder of the airways that restricts airflow and reduces alveolar ventilation

Front 38

cystic fibrosis

Back 38

inherited condition in which the exocrine glands produce abnormally viscous mucus

Front 39

emphysema

Back 39

chronic, progressive condition characterized by shortness of breath and inability to tolerate physical exertion

Front 40

mountain sickness

Back 40

altitude sickness that is caused by combination of hypoxia and lower atmospheric pressure

Front 41

decompression sickness

Back 41

occurs when an individual experiences sudden change in pressure

Front 42

anthracosis

Back 42

caused by inhalation of coal dust; aka "black lung disease;

Front 43

pleurisy

Back 43

an inflamed pleura characterized by fever, painful and difficult breathing, and a short dry cough

Front 44

Haldene effect

Back 44

Deoxygenation of the blood increases its ability to carry carbon dioxide

Front 45

chloride shift

Back 45

exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3-) and chloride (Cl-) across the membrane of red blood cells

Front 46

respiratory/lung compliance

Back 46

how easily the lungs can expand or contract

Front 47

The great the lung compliance, ________.

Back 47

the easier it is to fill and empty lungs.

Front 48

The lower the lung compliance, ___________.

Back 48

the harder it is to fill and empty lungs; a greater force is required.

Front 49

What connects each tracheal cartilage?

Back 49

Trachealis muscle