Ap Human Geography Chapter 12 Vocabulary

Front 1

Basic industries

Back 1

Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement

Front 2

Business Services

Back 2

Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services

Front 3

Central Place

Back 3

A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.

Front 4

Central Place Theory

Back 4

A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther

Front 5

City-state

Back 5

A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland

Front 6

Clustered rural settlement

Back 6

A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement

Front 7

Consumer services

Back 7

Businesses that provide primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services

Front 8

Dispersed rural settlement

Back 8

A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than by clustered villages

Front 9

Economic base

Back 9

A community's collection of basic industries

Front 10

Enclosure movement

Back 10

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the 18th century

Front 11

Gravity model

Back 11

A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to he number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service

Front 12

Market area (or hinterland)

Back 12

The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and sservices

Front 13

Nonbasic industries

Back 13

Industries that primarily sell their products to consumers in the community

Front 14

primate city

Back 14

The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement

Front 15

primate city rule

Back 15

A pattern in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement

Front 16

public services

Back 16

Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses

Front 17

Range (of services)

Back 17

The max distance people are willing to travel to use a service

Front 18

Rank-size rule

Back 18

A pattern of settlements in a country such that the Nth largest settlement is 1/Nth the population of the largest settlement

Front 19

Service

Back 19

Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it

Front 20

Settlement

Back 20

A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants

Front 21

Threshold

Back 21

The minimum number of people needed to support the service

Front 22

Urbanization

Back 22

An increase in the percentage of the number people living in urban settlements