Ap History Midterms

Front 1

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

Back 1

1850; Sec of state Clayton and British Rep Bulwer wanted to ensure that if a canal in Latin Am was constructed, neither party would be left out. Agreed not to seek exclusive control or fortify any positions in the canal area, and not to establish colonies in Central Am.

Front 2

Emilio Aguinaldo

Back 2

Flilpino leader of insurgent forces. McKinley concluded that the US should accept control of the Philippines. Filipino leaders were furious with the idea of a continuing US presence in their lands. FIghting broke out in 1899; Aguinaldo was captured 1901.

Front 3

Yellow Press

Back 3

Newspaper industries began to form monopolies (much competition); Newspapers turned to publishing what the public wanted to read, even if fabricated.

Front 4

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Back 4

1903; Bunau-Varilla gave US good clauses - perpetual lease on a section of Panama for our canal, and the right to use troops to intervene in Panama (among other things). US guaranteed the independence of the newly-crated Republic of Panama.

Front 5

Irreconcilables

Back 5

14 Republican senators, lead by Borah, who refused to support the Treaty of Versailles at all.

Front 6

Dawes Act

Back 6

Its overall goal was to erase
tribes and set the Indians on the road to "becoming white." It was a very insulting law…
1.Although the Indians were truly "Native Americans" and the whites were the immigrants, the law said that Indians could become U.S. citizens after 25 years if they behaved as the U.S. government preferred (like "good white settlers").
2.Looking back, this policy seems absurd since a European stepping off the boat in 1887 would receive citizenship in just a few short years, not 25.

Front 7

Sun/Ghost Dance

Back 7

1.Later, the "Ghost Dance" fad swept through the Sioux nation and prompted the Battle of Wounded Knee (1890).

2.Wounded Knee was not a battle but a massacre. 200+ Indians were killed, essentially killed for dancing. This battle marked the end of the Indian Wars. By this time, all Indians were either on reservations or dead.

3.1890 was also the year that the federal government said there was "no discernible frontier"; that is to say that by 1890, the West was won, or lost, depending on the viewpoint.

Front 8

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) was

Back 8

was enacted in attempt to outlaw trusts or monopolies

Front 9

interlocking directorates?

Back 9

where the same people sat on the board-of-directors of "competitors", then made the same decisions for each company, and thus the "competitors" behaved as one mega-company

Front 10

holding companies?

Back 10

where the holding company bought up controlling shares of stock in a group of competitors, then managed each "competitor" as one mega-company

Front 11

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was not effective because

Back 11

proving combinations exist, especially with pools, can be difficult, and it lacked real teeth in enforcement.

Front 12

The Gospel of Wealth was

Back 12

Some, like Rockefeller, felt their wealth came from God. This was similar to the old divine-right monarchies of Europe.

Carnegie spoke of a Gospel of Wealth saying the rich had a moral duty to spread the wealth (like spreading the Gospel).

Perhaps the most common idea was Social Darwinism.

Front 13

Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act-

Back 13

insured people's money in the bank up to $5,000. There was no need to fear losing one's money in the banks anymore.

Front 14

Banking and the New Deal-

Back 14

passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act which set up the bank holiday.

1.FDR wanted to create inflation (a rise in prices). This would make it easier for debtors to pay off their debts (since the money had less value and was thus easier to get). Those who'd given the loans were not happy to get back not-so-valuable money.

Front 15

Keynesian-

Back 15

it's okay, even good, for governments to engage in "deficit spending" (spending more money than they take in).

Front 16

The Grapes of Wrath was?

Back 16

2.With the farms not unable to grow crops, many people headed west to California in search of farm-jobs. This inspired John Steinbeck's classic novel about the "Okies" long,tough trip looking for work

Front 17

1935 Schechtner case?

Back 17

the Supreme Court declared the NRA unconstitutional

Front 18

Wilson’s Fourteen Potent Points-

Back 18

1.Abolishing secret treaties.
2.Freedom of the seas.
3.Removal of economic barriers between nations.
4.Reduction of armaments.
5.Changing colonial claims to help both colonizers and native peoples.
6."Self-determination" where groups choose their government for themselves.
7.A committee called the League of Nations to hopefully settle international disputes peacefully. This was idealistic Wilson's most desired point.

Front 19

Treaty of Versailles

Back 19

The goal was to protect the Monroe Doctrine, the Constitution, and retain America's right to rule herself, rather than an international committee.

Front 20

isolationism

Back 20

"Radicals" were shunned and foreigners were expected to change their ways to American.