Ap History Midterm

Front 1

though bjarmi herjulfson may have been the first european to "see" labrador in 986 AD, most historians believe that this viking was the first to have actually landed on the coast of newfoundland in 1001.

Back 1

leif erikson

Front 2

the son of king john I of portugal established a school for navigational learning in the early 1400's. seanman throughout europe were welcmed to attend

Back 2

prince henry

Front 3

his invention of moveable type in 1456 enabled the dissemination of navigationaal knowledge to take place through the mass production of books.

Back 3

johannes gutenerg

Front 4

this portuguese explorer reached the cape of good hope in 1488 proving that a sea route to asia via africa was possible.

Back 4

bartholomeu dias

Front 5

his knowledge of wind patterns and currents enabled him to become the first successful navigator in spanish service to sail westwards from europe

Back 5

christopher columbus

Front 6

in this treaty of 1494, the papcy divided the unknown world into spanish and portugues "spheres of influence"

Back 6

tordesillas

Front 7

by 1498, this explorer reached india by sailing around africa, thus giving portugal domination of that naval route there.

Back 7

vasco da gama

Front 8

his landing in brazil in 1500 gave portugal its only major claim in the western hemisphere

Back 8

pedro cabral

Front 9

he is believed to be the first white european to see and name the pacific ocean. he claimed all land touching it for spain.

Back 9

vasco nunez de balboa

Front 10

he explored and claimed florida for spain in two expeditions until indian arrows stopped him

Back 10

juan pnpce de leon

Front 11

invader of mexico who defeated the aztecs

Back 11

hernan coretes

Front 12

his circumnavigation of the globe between 1519-1522 was one of the most informative voyages in history- and one of the longest!

Back 12

ferdinand magellan

Front 13

with a tiny european force, and indian allies, he conquered the richest indian tribe in south america- the incas

Back 13

francisco pizarro

Front 14

between 1539-1542 he explored the southern mississippi region for spain

Back 14

herenando de soto

Front 15

ferdinand magellan begins his circumnavigation of the globe. hernan coretes begins his assault on the aztec city of tenochtitlan

Back 15

1519

Front 16

spanish conquistador francisco pizarro begins his conquest of the incan empire

Back 16

1533

Front 17

the reconquista complete as the moors and jews are expelled from spain. columbus lands in the western hemisphere.

Back 17

d

Front 18

viking explorers reach the north american coast

Back 18

986

Front 19

johannes gutenberg invents movable type in mainz and revolutionizes the production of book

Back 19

1456

Front 20

bartholomeu dias reaches the cape of good hope for portugal

Back 20

1488

Front 21

the italian sailor explored part of the eastern coast of north america for france but did not settle. the english considered his claim very weak.

Back 21

giovanni de verrazano

Front 22

this frenchman explored the interior of eastern canada around the st. lawrence river at close range! he gave france a strong claim to the region

Back 22

jacque cartier

Front 23

ft. caroline was founded by these french explorers in 1564 in northern florida. it was wiped out by the spanish in 1565.

Back 23

jean ribaut/rene de laudoniere

Front 24

his founding of quebec in 1608 became the first successful french settlement in north america.

Back 24

samuel de champlain

Front 25

french founder of montreal in 1642.

Back 25

paul de maisonneuve

Front 26

french explorers of the great lakes region, the louisiana territory, and the mississippi down to arkansas

Back 26

jacques marquette/louis joliet

Front 27

french explorer of the mississippi who almost, but not quite, reached the delta. he was killed by his mutinous men.

Back 27

robert de lasalle

Front 28

french founder of detroit in 1701.

Back 28

atoine cadillac

Front 29

french governor of the louisina territory and founder of new orleans in 1718.

Back 29

sieur de bienville (jeap baptist le moyne)

Front 30

this colony quickly became involved in rice cultivation, the plantation system, close trading ties with the west indies, and the importation of african slaves

Back 30

north carolina

Front 31

originally a swedish colony, this area was taken over by the dutch, and then the english. in 1789, it would become the first state to ratify the u.s. constitution

Back 31

delaware

Front 32

for years, it was the busiest seaport in the south

Back 32

charleston

Front 33

considered a threat to the safety of england's southern colonies in north america. they had once wiped out a french huguenot settlement that had been erected there

Back 33

spanish-claimed florida

Front 34

this colony was founded by an absentee proprietor as a refuge for persecuted catholics in england who wished to come to america. named in honor of the granddaghter of ferdinand and isabella, it produces the finest crab-cakes in the country today!

Back 34

maryland

Front 35

location of the first successful english settlement in north america

Back 35

jamestown

Front 36

this disease-infested colony was founded originally as a haven for those in debt, and as a buffer between spanish florida and the carolinas

Back 36

georgia

Front 37

french-claimed territory in the ohio river valley west of eventually one of the most successful english colonies, it developed its own landed aristocracy, and gave birth to 15 american presidents!

Back 37

virginia

Front 38

originally founded by disgrunteled settlers from its northern neighbor, it became the most ardently democratic colony in the south.

Back 38

north carolina

Front 39

pilgrims land in plymouth. mayflower compact is agreed upon

Back 39

1620

Front 40

english defeat of the spanish armada clears the way for english exploration of the new world without spanish interference. england becomes a great sea power

Back 40

1588

Front 41

connecticut colony founded by disgruntled massachusetts emigrants. the fundamental orders soon produced

Back 41

1635

Front 42

samuel d champlain founds quebec, the first successful french settlement in canada

Back 42

1608

Front 43

english settlers establish jamestown as the first permanent english colony in north america

Back 43

1607

Front 44

the pilgrims landed here in 1620 to avoid religious civil wars in england and to establish their own version of calvinism

Back 44

plymouth

Front 45

because of excellent soil, the quaker work ethic, and the advertising of william penn, this colony quickly became successful.

Back 45

pennsylvanis

Front 46

originally purchased by the dutch for 24 dollars, it voasted the finest harbor on the northeast coast. new amsterdam, as it was called would eventually be renamed after the british conquest.

Back 46

manhattan

Front 47

this new england colony was founded by disgruntled puritans who left massachusetts. its fundamental orders were later incorporated into its own state constitution and ideas included in the u.s. constitution.

Back 47

conncticut

Front 48

location of france's first permanent settlement in north america

Back 48

quebec

Front 49

though once part of massachusetts, this area was separated from that colony by the king of england in 1679 and made a royal colony.

Back 49

new hampshire

Front 50

this new england colony was also funded by disgruntled and baished puritans to become the most democratically run in all of north america.

Back 50

rhode island

Front 51

connecticut colony founded by disgruntled massachusetts emigrants. the fundamental orders soon produced

Back 51

1635

Front 52

samuel d champlain founds quebec, the first successful french settlement in canada

Back 52

1608

Front 53

english settlers establish jamestown as the first permanent english colony in north america

Back 53

1607

Front 54

the pilgrims landed here in 1620 to avoid religious civil wars in england and to establish their own version of calvinism

Back 54

plymouth

Front 55

because of excellent soil, the quaker work ethic, and the advertising of william penn, this colony quickly became successful.

Back 55

pennsylvanis

Front 56

originally purchased by the dutch for 24 dollars, it voasted the finest harbor on the northeast coast. new amsterdam, as it was called would eventually be renamed after the british conquest.

Back 56

manhattan

Front 57

this new england colony was founded by disgruntled puritans who left massachusetts. its fundamental orders were later incorporated into its own state constitution and ideas included in the u.s. constitution.

Back 57

conncticut

Front 58

location of france's first permanent settlement in north america

Back 58

quebec

Front 59

though once part of massachusetts, this area was separated from that colony by the king of england in 1679 and made a royal colony.

Back 59

new hampshire

Front 60

this new england colony was also funded by disgruntled and baished puritans to become the most democratically run in all of north america.

Back 60

rhode island

Front 61

connecticut colony founded by disgruntled massachusetts emigrants. the fundamental orders soon produced

Back 61

1635

Front 62

samuel d champlain founds quebec, the first successful french settlement in canada

Back 62

1608

Front 63

english settlers establish jamestown as the first permanent english colony in north america

Back 63

1607

Front 64

the pilgrims landed here in 1620 to avoid religious civil wars in england and to establish their own version of calvinism

Back 64

plymouth

Front 65

because of excellent soil, the quaker work ethic, and the advertising of william penn, this colony quickly became successful.

Back 65

pennsylvanis

Front 66

originally purchased by the dutch for 24 dollars, it voasted the finest harbor on the northeast coast. new amsterdam, as it was called would eventually be renamed after the british conquest.

Back 66

manhattan

Front 67

this new england colony was founded by disgruntled puritans who left massachusetts. its fundamental orders were later incorporated into its own state constitution and ideas included in the u.s. constitution.

Back 67

conncticut

Front 68

location of france's first permanent settlement in north america

Back 68

quebec

Front 69

though once part of massachusetts, this area was separated from that colony by the king of england in 1679 and made a royal colony.

Back 69

new hampshire

Front 70

this new england colony was also funded by disgruntled and baished puritans to become the most democratically run in all of north america.

Back 70

rhode island

Front 71

new netherlands, as this colony was originally called, was establish by the ditch east india company. its very important hudson river was an outlet for trade from the great lakes area. it was conquered by the english in 1664.

Back 71

new york

Front 72

it was the largest and most important bay area on the eastern coast of north america and entrance way to four colonies.

Back 72

chesapeake bay

Front 73

in colonial times, it was the most populated colony in the notyh, and home to radical ideas. its leadership made it extremely important.

Back 73

masachusetts

Front 74

this area was not a colony, but territory claimed by both new hampshire and new york

Back 74

vermont

Front 75

along with the mississippi, it was the most important river in north america, leading (like the mississippi) to the interior of the continent

Back 75

st. lawrence river

Front 76

founded in 1635 by thomas hooker and his followers

Back 76

connecticut

Front 77

new sweden, as their founders called it, was taen over by the dutch, and then by the english.

Back 77

delaware

Front 78

the largest colony in terms of population, it was the most important english colony in the south

Back 78

virginia

Front 79

georgia was founded partially to protect the english colonies from this dangerous spanish territory

Back 79

florida

Front 80

the absentee proprietor of this colony was lord baltimore

Back 80

maryland

Front 81

new netherlands, as this colony was originally called, was establish by the ditch east india company. its very important hudson river was an outlet for trade from the great lakes area. it was conquered by the english in 1664.

Back 81

new york

Front 82

it was the largest and most important bay area on the eastern coast of north america and entrance way to four colonies.

Back 82

chesapeake bay

Front 83

in colonial times, it was the most populated colony in the notyh, and home to radical ideas. its leadership made it extremely important.

Back 83

masachusetts

Front 84

this area was not a colony, but territory claimed by both new hampshire and new york

Back 84

vermont

Front 85

along with the mississippi, it was the most important river in north america, leading (like the mississippi) to the interior of the continent

Back 85

st. lawrence river

Front 86

new netherlands, as this colony was originally called, was establish by the ditch east india company. its very important hudson river was an outlet for trade from the great lakes area. it was conquered by the english in 1664.

Back 86

new york

Front 87

founded in 1635 by thomas hooker and his followers

Back 87

connecticut

Front 88

new sweden, as their founders called it, was taen over by the dutch, and then by the english.

Back 88

delaware

Front 89

the largest colony in terms of population, it was the most important english colony in the south

Back 89

virginia

Front 90

georgia was founded partially to protect the english colonies from this dangerous spanish territory

Back 90

florida

Front 91

it was the largest and most important bay area on the eastern coast of north america and entrance way to four colonies.

Back 91

chesapeake bay

Front 92

the absentee proprietor of this colony was lord baltimore

Back 92

maryland

Front 93

in colonial times, it was the most populated colony in the notyh, and home to radical ideas. its leadership made it extremely important.

Back 93

masachusetts

Front 94

this area was not a colony, but territory claimed by both new hampshire and new york

Back 94

vermont

Front 95

along with the mississippi, it was the most important river in north america, leading (like the mississippi) to the interior of the continent

Back 95

st. lawrence river

Front 96

founded in 1635 by thomas hooker and his followers

Back 96

connecticut

Front 97

new sweden, as their founders called it, was taen over by the dutch, and then by the english.

Back 97

delaware

Front 98

the largest colony in terms of population, it was the most important english colony in the south

Back 98

virginia

Front 99

georgia was founded partially to protect the english colonies from this dangerous spanish territory

Back 99

florida

Front 100

the absentee proprietor of this colony was lord baltimore

Back 100

maryland

Front 101

the hudson river valley was an important part of this colony originally founded by the dutch,

Back 101

new york

Front 102

fall of new york city to the british

Back 102

1776

Front 103

british began major campaigns in southern colonies. treaty of alliance signed with france.

Back 103

1778

Front 104

battle of saratoga- turning point of the american revolution

Back 104

1777

Front 105

battle of bunker hill

Back 105

1775

Front 106

yorktown campaign

Back 106

1781

Front 107

british victories at brandywine, germantown, philadelphia.

Back 107

1777

Front 108

treaty of paris- ameria wins independence

Back 108

1783

Front 109

lexington/concord- 2nd continental congress meets

Back 109

1775

Front 110

declaration of independence

Back 110

1776

Front 111

ordinance that established a procedure for governing the old northwest and a method by which territories could become states with admission into the union

Back 111

1787

Front 112

ordinance that provided for the survet and sale of public lands in the old northwest

Back 112

1785

Front 113

constitution ratified by 11 out of 13 states. north arolina and rhode island then join

Back 113

1789

Front 114

shay's rebellion in massachusetts convinces many americans of th ened for a stronger central government

Back 114

1786

Front 115

the 13 states ratify the articles of confederation in anticipation of independence from britain

Back 115

1781

Front 116

britain and the united states agree to limit the number of warships on the great lakes. eventually, fortifications are dismantled too.

Back 116

rush-bargot agreement

Front 117

president of the bank of the united states, he became "old hickory's" most bitter financial policy opponent

Back 117

nicholas biddle

Front 118

the only major bill to pass during the quincy administration and it was passed by his opponents!

Back 118

tariff of abominations

Front 119

florida sold to the united states, louisiana purchase's southern boundary surveyed and adjusted, americans promise to make no claims on spanish-owned texas.

Back 119

adams/onis treaty

Front 120

theory which argues that states can declare federal laws "unconstitutionals"

Back 120

nullification

Front 121

he negociated the treaty of san lorenzo very favorably with spain in 1795.

Back 121

charles pickney

Front 122

federalist chief justice who ruled in favor of judicial review in the marbury vs. madison case.

Back 122

john marshall

Front 123

he led a two and a half year exploration of the louisiana territory which proved informative and gave the u.s. a claim to the paific northwest

Back 123

meriwether lewis

Front 124

"father of the constitution" and author of the federalist no. 10, he also drafted the bill of rights

Back 124

james madison

Front 125

vice president under thomas jefferson, he blew hamilton's brains out in a duel on july 11, 1804 in new jersey

Back 125

aaron burr

Front 126

frustrated foreign affairs secretary under the articles; one of the three authors of the federalist

Back 126

john jay

Front 127

only area of government in 1789 that was voted on directly by the proprieted citizena

Back 127

house of representatives

Front 128

passed in 1766, it stated that parliament still had the power to tax and make laws for the colonies

Back 128

declaratory act

Front 129

colonists, disguised as indians, board british ships and dump 342 chests of tea into boston harbor.

Back 129

boston tea party

Front 130

early leading colonial radials, favored outright independence from great britain

Back 130

sam adams/patrick henry

Front 131

ethan allen and benedict arnold capture this british fort in may 1775 without losing a man

Back 131

ticonderoga

Front 132

mercenaries from germany hired to fight for the british

Back 132

hessians

Front 133

first major city to fall to the british in 1776. it is held for the entire war but does not affect its outcome

Back 133

new york

Front 134

small but important american victories here saved the colonists from an early collapse. washington wins in new jersey

Back 134

trenton/princeton

Front 135

after defeating the colonists at brandywine and germantown, british general william howe aptured this important american city

Back 135

philadelphia

Front 136

battle considered the turning point of the revolutionary war- burgoyne defeated tby horatio gates. british northern strategy a failure, france decides to enter the war

Back 136

saratoga

Front 137

washington's army spends a cruel winter here in 1777-8 with his troops low on supplies and close to starvation

Back 137

valley forge

Front 138

important seaports captured by the british in the south with no affect on the war

Back 138

savanah/charleston

Front 139

american commander called the "swamp fox", minor successes against the british in the southern colonies.

Back 139

george rogers clark

Front 140

talented, aggressive, and courageous american general. his frustration, however, made him turn traitor and join the british.

Back 140

benedict arnold

Front 141

virginia militia commander whose frontier skirmish started the french and indian war in north america

Back 141

george washington

Front 142

empress of russia with a "face like a pig" according to frederick

Back 142

tsaritsa elizabeth

Front 143

ironic order that forbid the victorious english colonists from expanding into the ohio river valley

Back 143

proclamation of 1763

Front 144

advocate of colonial unity and even self-rule at the unsuccessful albany congress

Back 144

benjamin franklin

Front 145

"le grand monarque" and "sun king" whose 72 year reign was the longest in european history. he made france the cultural and military center of europe but spent millions

Back 145

louis xiv

Front 146

strategic frenh outpost at the mouth of the mississippi and important seaport for the exportation of goods

Back 146

new orleans

Front 147

leader whose post-french and indian war uprising against the british was brutally crushed. the british ow decided to stop westward expanision.

Back 147

pontiac

Front 148

carefully forged a great alliance against frederick the great only to lose the seven years' war to him

Back 148

maria theresa

Front 149

one-time french territory, renamed nova scotia, whose citizens were reomved to louisiana by the british in 1755

Back 149

acadua

Front 150

splendid political orator and organizer of a winning strategy against the french in north america

Back 150

william pitt

Front 151

treaty of tordesillas- pope divides the unexplored world between spain and portugal

Back 151

1494

Front 152

ferdinand magellan begins his circumnavigation of the globe. hernan cortes begins his assault on the city of tenochtitlan

Back 152

1519

Front 153

viking explorers sight labrador but do not land. about 15 years later, they would land in newfoundland

Back 153

986

Front 154

portuguese explorers reach the cape of good hope proving a sea-route to asia via africa is possible

Back 154

1488

Front 155

philanthropic soldier-statesman who founded the georgia colony.

Back 155

oglethorp

Front 156

italian-born navigator sent by england to explore north america's eastern coast in 1498

Back 156

john cabot

Front 157

refoermer whose religious ideas inspired english puritans, scotch presbyterians, french huguenots, and the dutch reformed church

Back 157

john calvin

Front 158

portuguese navigators who sailed around the african coast

Back 158

dias/da gama

Front 159

founder of the most tolerant and democratic of the middle colonies

Back 159

william penn

Front 160

conqueror of new sweden who then lost new netherlands

Back 160

peter stuyvesant

Front 161

elizabethan courtiers who failed in their attempts to found new world colonies

Back 161

gilbert/raleigh

Front 162

colony that turned to disease-resistance african slaves for labor in its extensive rice plantations

Back 162

south carolina

Front 163

native american leader who waged unsuccessful war against new england

Back 163

king philip

Front 164

the greatest tudor who led england to national glory

Back 164

elizabeth I

Front 165

promoter of massachusetts bay colony as a "holy city upon a hill"

Back 165

john winthrop

Front 166

spanish conquerors of great indian civilizations

Back 166

cortes/pizarro

Front 167

religious dissenter convicted of the heresy of antinomianism

Back 167

anne hutchinson

Front 168

founded in 1565 the oldest continually inhabited european settlement in united states history

Back 168

sst. augustine

Front 169

british west indian sugar colonies where large-scaloe plantations and salvery took root

Back 169

jamaica/barbados