A&p Final

Front 1

Term for internal organs

Back 1

visceral

Front 2

A group of cells that perform a similar function

Back 2

tissues

Front 3

Study of the structure and organization of the human body

Back 3

anatomy

Front 4

Feedback mechanism that returns the body to homeostasis

Back 4

negative feedback

Front 5

In anatomical terms, the forearm is the _____ region and the fingers are the _____ region.

Back 5

The forearm is the antibacterial region

the fingers are the digital region

Front 6

The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Back 6

transverse

Front 7

All the chemical reactions are called

Back 7

metbolism

Front 8

Upper and lower limbs are the ____ portion of the body

Back 8

appendicular

Front 9

Membrane lining abdominal cavity and surface of its organs

Back 9

peritoneum

Front 10

Lack of these three things would impair the body's ability to maintain homeostasis

Back 10

food water and oxygen

Front 11

Mitosis is the division of the ____. There are __ cells after cytokenesis

Back 11

neucleus. 2 cells afterwards

Front 12

The powerhouse organelle that produces ATP

Back 12

Mitohondria

Front 13

_______ Contain digestive enzymes and are used to clean up the cell, digest bacteria that enter the cell, or break down worn-out organelles.

Back 13

Lysosomes

Front 14

The structure that controls the movement of material into and out of cells

Back 14

plasma membraneC

Front 15

Cellular respiration requires _____ to release energy, which is captured in high energy ______ bonds.

Back 15

Oxygen is needed to release energy.

Captured in high energy phosphate bonds

Front 16

The genetic code of ____ is formed of nitrogenous _____ in its nucleotides

Back 16

DNA is a sequence of nitrogenous bases in its nucleotides

Front 17

Drinking a fluid that is hypertonic, like seawater, is likely to

Back 17

draw fluid out of the body making you thirstier

Front 18

The tissue that binds organs together and provides support and protection is

Back 18

connective tissue

Front 19

Tissue that covers the body surface, body cavities and organ surfaces

Back 19

epithelial

Front 20

Skeletal muscle (does/ does not) have striations with mutliple nuclei, and is (voluntary/ involuntary)

Back 20

Does have striations and multiple nuclei. Voluntary

Front 21

Simple squamous epithelium can be found in the lungs because

Back 21

It functions to aid diffusion of gases into and out of the blood

Front 22

A carcinoma is a cancer derived from _____ tissue

Back 22

epithelial tissue

Front 23

A sarcoma is a cancer derived from ____ tissue

Back 23

connective

Front 24

Blood is classified as ____ tissue

Back 24

connective tissue

Front 25

_____ is located at inter-vertebral discs to absorb shock

Back 25

Fibrocartilage

Front 26

Superficial layer of the skin is the

Back 26

epidermis

Front 27

Accessory structures such as hair and glands develop from the

Back 27

dermis

Front 28

If body temperature increase above normal, what happens

Back 28

sweating occurs and blood vessels dilate

Front 29

Adipose tissue is in the _____ and provides insulation for heat loss/gain

Back 29

adipose tissue is in subcutaneous layer

Front 30

The _____ lacks blood vessels and must be nourished by materials in the ____.

Back 30

epidermis, dermis

Front 31

Glands secreting an oily liquid into hair follicles are ______ glands

Back 31

sebaceous

Front 32

Perspiration contains these 3 substances

Back 32

wastes, water, salts

Front 33

Two common cancers are the _____(less serious) and _____ (more serious)

Back 33

Less serious Carcinoma. More serious Melanoma

Front 34

A condition with a body temperature below 95F is called

Back 34

hypothermia

Front 35

The root of a hair is located within a _______, an inward tubular extension of the epidermis into the dermis.

Back 35

hair follicle

Front 36

Which does the skeletal system NOT do?

-Protect spinal cord

-attach to skeletal muscles

-Produce vitamins

-Formulate blood formed elements

Back 36

Produce vitamins

Front 37

Long bone consists of a ______ (long shaft of bone) which is between the two enlarged terminal portions called the ______.

Back 37

Diaphysis, epiphyses

Front 38

Internal portion of an epiphysis consists of

Back 38

spongy bone

Front 39

Yellow bone marrow is composed of

Back 39

adipose tissue

Front 40

Cells that can build bone tissue are

Back 40

Osteoblastss

Front 41

Appendicular skeleton includes

Back 41

Upper/ lower limbs. Pectoral/ pelvic girdle.

Front 42

Axial skeleton includes

Back 42

skull , vertebral column, and associated bones and thoracic cage

Front 43

Fossa is

Back 43

small depression

Front 44

foramen is

Back 44

opening or passageway through a bone

Front 45

Which of these are not part of the coxal bones

Pubis, ilium, coccyx, ishium

Back 45

coccys

Front 46

4 Skull bones containing paranasal sinuses are the

Back 46

maxillae, frontal bone, sphenoid, and ethmoid

Front 47

Muscle that is multinucleated, striated, and voluntary

Back 47

skeletal muscle

Front 48

Muscle is involuntary, non- striated, and has a single nucleus

Back 48

smooth muscle

Front 49

Sustained muscle contraction is called

Back 49

tetnay

Front 50

Functional unit of a skeletal muscle is called a

Back 50

sarcomere

Front 51

Neurotransmitter active in skeletal muscle contraction

Back 51

acetycholine

Front 52

Site of attachment of a muscle that does NOT move during contraction (insertion/ origin)

Back 52

origin

Front 53

Puckering lips is because of the

Back 53

orbicularis oris

Front 54

when smiling, the ____ muscles lift upward

Back 54

zygomaticus

Front 55

A lack of ATP, ionic imbalances, and blows to a muscle can cause

Back 55

muscle cramps

Front 56

The accumulation of lactic acid during strenuous muscle activity results from a deficiency of ____

Back 56

oxygen

Front 57

The motor division of the nervous system carries nerve impulses from

Back 57

CNS to the effectors

Front 58

Sensory division of the nervous system carries nerve impulses from

Back 58

sensory receptor to the CNS

Front 59

Carries impulses towards the cell body (axons/ dendrites)

Back 59

dendrites

Front 60

The_____ increases speed of the nerve impulse transmission

Back 60

myelin sheath

Front 61

If a neuron is located entirely in the CNS, the neuron is a(n)

Back 61

interneruon

Front 62

At a synapse, the receptors for the neurotransmitters are located

Back 62

on the plasma membrane of the post synaptic neuron

Front 63

_____ is the intermediate membrane of meninges. ____ is the most superficial layer of the meninges.

Back 63

Arachnoid mater. Dura mater.

Front 64

The broca area controsl

Back 64

ability to speak

Front 65

occipital lobe does this

Back 65

sensory area in brain for vision

Front 66

because a chemical we will smell needs to diffuse into the fluid surrounding the olfactory receptors, which of the substances cant be detected

Back 66

lipids

Front 67

Where are the auditory ossicles, the malleus, the incus, and the stapes?

Back 67

middle ear

Front 68

Pain receptors, unlike other types, do not

Back 68

adapt to stimuli

Front 69

where to find chemoreceptors in the nose

Back 69

amongst columnar epithelia lining the nasal passages

Front 70

Innermost to outermost sequence of the middle ear

Back 70

tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes.

Front 71

Tears are produced by the ____ and exit the eye _____.

Back 71

lacrimal gland, medially

Front 72

To allow the eye to accommodate images, the _____ must be flexible and respond to object distance.

Back 72

lens

Front 73

The ____ is the opaque, tough part of the eye that protects the inside structures

Back 73

sclera

Front 74

Rods in the cells are filled with a pigment called _____, and lack of it can lead to ____.

Back 74

Rhodopsin, night blindness

Front 75

Blindness in adults is most often caused by cataracts clouding the _____

Back 75

cornea

Front 76

A hormone is a chemical messenger that produces specific responses in

Back 76

Only cells with receptors for that specific hormone.

Front 77

Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands because

Back 77

exocrine glands have ducts to carry secretions but endocrine glands do not.

Front 78

The secretion of antidiuretic hormone is controlled by the

Back 78

concentration of water in body fluids

Front 79

______ stimulates the contraction of mammary glands when nursing infants

Back 79

Oxytocin

Front 80

______ stimulates the testes to produce testosterone

Back 80

Lutinizing hormone

Front 81

_____ is an enlargement of thyroid gland that results from a deficiency of iodine in the diet

Back 81

simple goiter

Front 82

_____ stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones

Back 82

a releasing hormone from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Front 83

_______are primary factors that determine the basal metabolic rate of the body

Back 83

thyroid hormones

Front 84

_____ and _____ prepare the body to meet short- term needs

Back 84

epinephrine and no epinephrine

Front 85

Type II diabetes mellitus is caused by

Back 85

a reduction of insulin receptors on target cells

Front 86

Why do men have a higher RBC counts than women?

Back 86

More muscle tissues means more oxygen needed to be carried

Front 87

Worn out RBCs are removed from circulation by the ___ and ___.

Back 87

liver and spleen

Front 88

3 nutrients needed for production of hemoglobin

Back 88

iron, folic acid, vitamin b12

Front 89

In blood volume, ___% is plasma, ___% is formed elements

Back 89

55% plasma, 45% formed elements

Front 90

____ are blood cells that provide a defense against disease organisms

Back 90

Leukocytes

Front 91

Antibodies that attack pathogens are produced by

Back 91

B lymphocytes

Front 92

____ form a temporary plug to stop bleeding in a broken blood vessel

Back 92

platelets

Front 93

A person with blood type AB possesses ______ on the plasma membrane of their RBCs

Back 93

Antigens A and B

Front 94

In a blood transfustion, one must consider the ____ of the doner and the _____ of the recipient.

Back 94

antigens of the donor and antibodies of the recipient

Front 95

Most common WBC is

Back 95

neutrophil

Front 96

Membranous covering of the heart is the ______, which includes a loosely fitting pericardial sac composed of an inner _____ and and outer _____.

Back 96

Pericardium; parietal layer of serous pericardium; fibrous pericardum

Front 97

The ____ receives blood from the pulmonary veins

Back 97

right atrium

Front 98

The _____ receives blood from the superior venae cavae and he coronary sinus

Back 98

right atrium

Front 99

The ____ pumps blood into the aorta

Back 99

left ventricle

Front 100

The left ventricle pumps ____ blood through the ___ valve.

Back 100

oxygenated blood through the aortic valve

Front 101

The mitral valve prevents backflow of blood from the ____ into the ____.

Back 101

Left ventricle into the left artrium

Front 102

The pulmonary arteries carry _____ blood into the ____.

Back 102

deoxygenated blood into the lungs

Front 103

Contraction phases is AKA _______ which does this to blood pressure.

Back 103

systole increases blood pressure

Front 104

The relaxation phase of of a cardiac cycle is AKA ____ which does this to blood pressure

Back 104

diastole decreases blood pressure

Front 105

The ______ is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart

Back 105

SA node

Front 106

Cardiac control center is in the

Back 106

medulla oblongata

Front 107

The skin and the mucous membranes can be considered a ______ barrier

Back 107

mechanical barrier

Front 108

In adults the largest lymphoid organ is the

Back 108

spleen

Front 109

An innate, non-specific defense against the action of viruses that cells infected with viruses can produce is

Back 109

interferon

Front 110

The first step in a B-cell's defense against a microorganism is to

Back 110

recognize the antigen

Front 111

The antibody that is active in allergic reponses

Back 111

IgE

Front 112

Antibody that acts as a receptor on the surface of a B cell is

Back 112

igD

Front 113

Antibody active in aggulitination of clumping is

Back 113

IgM

Front 114

The immunity that one receives from their mother pre and post natal is

Back 114

passive natural immunity

Front 115

Lymph from most of the body is returned to the blood in the _______ vein.

Back 115

Left Subclavian

Front 116

Lymph is filtered and cleansed by the _____ before it is returned to the bloodstream

Back 116

Lymph Nodes

Front 117

From the nasal cavity, air passes, in sequence, through the _____,______, ______, and ______ (in that order) on the way to the lungs

Back 117

pharynx, larynx, trachea, & bronchi

Front 118

The part of the respiratory system with the largest internal surface area is the ______.

Back 118

Alveoli

Front 119

The upper respiratory tract consists of the

Back 119

nose & pharynx

Front 120

Paranasal sinuses (hallow spaces) can be found in all these bones -ethmoid -sphenoid -frontal -maxillae -palatine

Back 120

palatine has no paranasal sinus

Front 121

The surfactant secreted by special cells in alveoli have this job

Back 121

prevent alveoli from collapsing

Front 122

This projects anteriorly to form the Adam's aple

Back 122

thyroid cartilage

Front 123

Bronchioles (do/ do not) have cartilage

Back 123

do not

Front 124

Microorganisms inhaled into the passageway are most likely to be destroyed by

Back 124

gastric juice in the stomach

Front 125

In humans, the right lungs has ____ lobes nd the left lung has ___ lobes.

Back 125

right has 3. Left has 2.

Front 126

Which of the following structures allow the exchange of gases between inhaled air and the blood

Back 126

alveoli only

Front 127

The ailmentary canal is about ____ feet long in adults

Back 127

20 feet long

Front 128

An organic compound that the body needs in a munute amounts is a

Back 128

vitamin

Front 129

This organ secretes bile, synthesizes blood proteins, converts nutrients into usable forms and detoxifies.

Back 129

The liver

Front 130

One of the nutrients important for DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis is

Back 130

folic acid

Front 131

The ______ salivary glands secrete a saliva rich in _____,

Back 131

Parotid, amylase

Front 132

____ catalyzes the digestion of starch and gycogen to malose

Back 132

amylase

Front 133

The pancreas (is/ is not) part of the ailmentary canal

Back 133

is not

Front 134

Deciduous teeth lack ____ whereas permanent teeth have all four types of teeth

Back 134

bicuspids

Front 135

Much of the mucous of the mouth comes from the ____ gland under the tongue

Back 135

sublingual

Front 136

Why is chewing considered digestion?

Back 136

Grinding the food into smaller pieces increases the surface area which helps with digestion.