A&p Final

Front 1

Which part of brain is responsible for 83% of its volume?

Back 1

cerebrum

Front 2

Which part of brain contains 50% of neurons?

Back 2

cerebellum

Front 3

Which parts does the brainstem contain?

Back 3

diencephalon, midbrain, pons, & medulla oblongata

Front 4

This part of brain is the seat of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, & synapses?

Back 4

gray matter

Front 5

Which part of brain is made up of bundles of axons & is composed of tracts that connect one part of brain to another?

Back 5

White matter

Front 6

What does the telencephalon develop into in the adult brain?

Back 6

cerebrum

Front 7

What does the diencephalon develop into?

Back 7

thalamus, hypothalamus

Front 8

What does the mesencephalon develop into?

Back 8

midbrain

Front 9

What does metencephalon develop into?

Back 9

pons; cerebellum

Front 10

What does myelencephalon develop into?

Back 10

medulla oblongata

Front 11

What are the 3 connect. tissue membranes that envelop the brain?

Back 11

Meninges: dura mater, arachnoid mater & pia mater

Front 12

This layer of the meninges is located in the cranial cavity & is made up of what 2 layers?

Back 12

dura mater:
1. outer periosteal
2. inner meningeal

Front 13

Which part of the dura mater separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

Back 13

falx cerebri

Front 14

Which part of dura mater separates cerebrum from cerebellum?

Back 14

tentorium cerebelli

Front 15

Which part of dura mater sep. the rt. & left halves of cerebellum?

Back 15

falx cerebelli

Front 16

Which part of meninges is the transparent membrane over brain surface & has a subdural space?

Back 16

arachnoid mater

Front 17

Which part of meninges is very thin membrane that follow contours of brain & even dips into sulci?

Back 17

pia mater

Front 18

What is the spongy mass of blood capillaries on the floor of each ventricle?

Back 18

choroid plexus

Front 19

What is the neuroglia that lines the ventricles & covers the choroid plexus called? it also produces CSF

Back 19

ependyma

Front 20

What is the clear, colorless liquid that fills the ventricles & canals of CNS & majority is formed in subarachnoid space?

Back 20

CSF

Front 21

what are the functions of CSF?

Back 21

1. buoyancy
2. protection
3. chemical stability

Front 22

What 2 type of cells is the blood brain barrier mad up of?

Back 22

astrocytes- reach out & contact caps
endothelial cells- excludes harmful substances from passing to brain

Front 23

What is the loose network of nuclei that extends throughout medulla, pons, & midbrain & contributes to sleep, respiration, & posture?

Back 23

retic formation

Front 24

what is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Back 24

1. cardiac center
2. vasomotor center
3. respiratory center
4. reflex center

Front 25

what is the motor center in the midbrain that relays inhibitory signals to thalamus & basal nuclei. The deterioration of this causes Parkinsons.

Back 25

substantia negra

Front 26

These are bundles of nerve fibers that connect the cerebrum to the pons & carry corticospinal tracts?

Back 26

cerebral crus

Front 27

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

Back 27

motor coordination
timekeeping center

Front 28

This part of brain is the major control center of ANS & endocrine system & plays role in homeostatic?

Back 28

hypothalamus

Front 29

What are functions of hypothalamus?

Back 29

1. hormones
2. autonomic effects
3. thermoreg.
4. food & water intake
5. sleep
6. memory
7. emotions

Front 30

This part of brain made up of pineal gland that secretes melatonin & habenula that relays from limbic to midbrain?

Back 30

epithalamus

Front 31

This part of brain is the seat of sensory perception, memory, thought, judgement, & voluntary motor actions?

Back 31

cerebrum

Front 32

Describe the functions of 5 different regions of brain?

Back 32

1. frontal- vol motor, motivation
2. parietal- gen. sensory info taste
3. occipital- visual center
4. temporal- hearing, smell, learning, memory
5. insula- understanding spoken language, sensory info, visceral receptors

Front 33

What are the 3 tracts of cerebral white matter & function of each?

Back 33

1. projection- carries info b/t cerebrum & body
2. commissural- pass through corpus callosum & enables 2 sides of cerebrum to comm. w/ each other
3. association- connect diff. regions w/ same cerebral hemi

Front 34

This is carried out in the gray matter of the cerebrum?

Back 34

Neural integration

Front 35

Cerebral gray matter is found in these 3 places?

Back 35

cerebral cortex
basal nuclei
limbic system

Front 36

This is masses of cerebral gray matter buried deep in the white matter that is involved in motor control?

Back 36

basal nuclei

Front 37

This is the important center of emotion & learning w/ centers for gratification and aversion?

Back 37

limbic system

Front 38

The ___ is an imp. memory forming center?

Back 38

hippocampus

Front 39

Emotional feelings & memories are interactions b/t ____ & _____.

Back 39

prefrontal cortex
diencephalon

Front 40

This is a movement disorder caused by lesions in the basal nuclei?

Back 40

dyskinesias

Front 41

This area of cerebral cortex permits recog. of spoken & written language?

Back 41

Wernicke area

Front 42

This area of cerebral cortex generates motor program for muscles of larynx?

Back 42

Broca area

Front 43

This is a language deficit from lesions in same hemis containing Wernicke & broca?

Back 43

aphasia

Front 44

This system manages a multitude of unconscious processes responsible for the body's homeostastis ?

Back 44

Autonomic nervous system

Front 45

How does the ANS differ from SNS?

Back 45

1. effectors- sns are skeletal, ans cardiac, smooth
2. efferent pathways- 2 neurons in ANS: pre & postgang
3. target organ responses
-pregang- ACh
-postgang- noreph & ACh

Front 46

What are divisions of ANS?

Back 46

sympathetic & parasympathetic

Front 47

What is role of parasympathetic?

Back 47

Involves d activities: digestion, defecation, diuresis
*keeps body energy low
*

Front 48

What are cranial nerves of parasymp. system?

Back 48

oculomoter
facial
glosspharyngeal
vagus

Front 49

What is the role of the sympathetic division?

Back 49

E activities: exercise, excitement, emergency, embarrassment
- person threatened

Front 50

What are 2 types of cholinergic receptors?

Back 50

1. muscarinic- smooth, cardiac, & gland
2 nicotinic-

Front 51

How do symp & parasym differ in effects on heart & resp. rate, & digest?

Back 51

symp increase heart & resp rates & inhibit digest
parasymp decrease heart & resp & allow for digest