Fa11 - A&p Lab - Final

Front 1

Patellar (knee-jerk) reflex

Back 1

hit below the patella

Front 2

Calcaneal (ankle-jerk) reflex

Back 2

just above its insert on the calcaneus

Front 3

Biceps (biceps-jerk) reflex

Back 3

anticubital region

Front 4

Triceps (triceps-jerk) reflex

Back 4

strike the tendon of the triceps, just proximal to the olecranon

Front 5

Plantar reflex

Back 5

draw the metal tip of the firm pressure over the sole

Front 6

Beta

Back 6

12-30 Hz
Bigger waves for astrongly awake mind, Berry Awake

Front 7

Alpha

Back 7

8-13 Hz
chill waves, relaxed brain waves, dominant during tv watching

Front 8

Theta

Back 8

4-7 Hz
Spacey, day dreamers, sorority girls, brushing your teeth, long drive

Front 9

Delta

Back 9

.1-4 Hz
Deep Sleep

Front 10

Parasympathetic

Back 10

Maintaining homeostasis, resting

Front 11

Sympathetic

Back 11

fight or flight
short term conservation of energy

Front 12

Back 12

Heat Block

P waves are all over the place (1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees)

Front 13

Back 13

Tachycardia

Super Fast!!
Normal heart rhythm

Front 14

Back 14

Atrial Fibrillation

No P waves and Rapid QRS
(looks like upside down QRS)

Front 15

Back 15

Ventricular Fibrillation

Looks like a snake

Front 16

Olfactory Nerve (I)

Back 16

Smell

Sniff aromatic oil, spice, or coffee grounds

Front 17

Optic Nerve (II)

Back 17

Vision

Read a Snellen eye chart at 20 ft.

Front 18

Oculomotor Nerve (III)

Back 18

Pupil constriction, eye movements, and opens eyelid

Observe eyelids

Front 19

Trochlear Nerves (IV)

Back 19

Stimulate superior oblique muscle

Look up, down, medially, laterally, upper lateral, lower lateral

Front 20

Trigeminal Nerves (V)

Back 20

Sensory from face and teeth and mastication movements

Shine penlight on pupils

Front 21

Abducens Nerves (VI)

Back 21

lateral eye movements

Lightly touch the cornea of the subject with a wisp of cotton

Subject bites down on tongue depressor, try to pull it out

Front 22

Facial Nerves (VII)

Back 22

Control facial expression muscles and salivation, tear secretions, and taste

Have subject smile, raise eyebrows, whistle, and close the eyes

Check tip of tongue for taste with sugar

Front 23

Vestibulocochlear Nerves (VIII)

Back 23

hearing and balance

use a tuning for, to check hearing in each ear

Have the subject stand straight with eyes closed

Front 24

Glossopharyngeal Nerves (IX)

Back 24

monitor blood pressure from baroreceptors, salivation, and swallowing

Have subject say "Ah"; check uvula position with mouth open

Front 25

Vagus Nerves (X)

Back 25

regulation of many visceral organs, including the heart rate

Using a cotton-tipped applicator, gently touch the subject's uvula to elicit a gag reflex

The posterior 1/3 of tongue can be tested with cotton applicator dipped in quinine

Front 26

Accessory Nerves (XI)

Back 26

control neck, larynx, and shoulder muscles

Have subject shrug shoulders against resistance as you are holding them down

Front 27

Hypoglossal Nerves (XII)

Back 27

control tongue movements

Ask your lab partner to stick out and retract his/her tongue

Front 28

Snellen Eye chart

Back 28

Measures Visual Acuity

Front 29

Astigmatism Test

Back 29

Irregularities in the cornea, shaped like a football instead of what is supposed to

Front 30

Accomodation Test

Back 30

changing of the shape of the lens, has to do with the ciliary bodies, decreases with age

Front 31

Color Vision Test

Back 31

Most common is the red/green, but all color blindness is more common in males versus females because it is inherited on the X chromosome and females have two copies

Front 32

Blind-Spot demonstration

Back 32

there are no photoreceptors in the optic disc, located where the nerve fibers of the retina leave the eye and enter the optic nerve

Front 33

Photopupillary reflex

Back 33

smooth muscles of the iris control the size of the pupil. For example, when the intensity of light entering the eye increases, a phopupillary reflex is triggered, and the circular muscles of the iris are stimulated to contract. As a result, the size of the pupil decreases, and less light enters the eye

Front 34

Convergence Reflex

Back 34

the eyes converge as a normal convergence response to focusing on close objects

Front 35

Rinne Test

Back 35

It compares perception of sounds transmitted by air conduction to those transmitted by bone conduction through the mastoid. Thus, one can quickly screen for the presence of conduction hearing loss. involves outer or middle ear problems.

Front 36

Weber Test

Back 36

It can detect unilateral (one-sided) conductive hearing loss and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (dysfunction of the cochlea) Conduction deafness.

Front 37

Auditory Acuity Test

Back 37

Using a meter stick to determine how far away a ticking sound can be heard. One ear at a time, the other is stuffed with cotton.

Front 38

Sound Localization Test

Back 38

Use a ticking watch and move it around person to see if they can pinpoint which direction the sound is coming from

Front 39

Vision and Equilibrium

Back 39

demonstrates the importance of vision in the maintenance of equilibrium (standing and closed eyes swaying test)

Front 40

Romberg Test

Back 40

used to evaluate a person's ability to integrate sensory information from proprioceptors and receptors within the organs of static equilibrium and to relay appropriate motor impulses to postural muscles. A person who shows little unsteadiness when standing with feet together and eyes open, but who becomes unsteady when the eyes are closed, as a positive Romberg test.

Front 41

Barany Test

Back 41

(Chair Spinning Test) - when the head is tilted about 30 degrees the lateral semicircular canals receive maximal stimulation, and the nystagmus is up and down. When the head is bent forward with the chin on the chest, the posterior canals are stimulated and the nystagmus is rotary

Front 42

Back 42

Neutrophil

60% - elevated levels may indicate bacterial infections or stress

Front 43

Back 43

Lymphocytes

35% - Elevated levels may indicate mononucleosis, whooping cough, viral infections

Front 44

Back 44

Monocytes

5% - LARGEST WBC
Elevated levels may indicate malaria, tuberculosis, fungal infections

Front 45

Back 45

Eosinophils

1-2% - REDDISH
Elevated levels may indicate allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, parasitic worms

Front 46

Back 46

Basophil

.5% - Deep blue
Elevated levels may indicate cancers, chicken pox, hypothyroidism

Front 47

Back 47

Platelets

Front 48

Back 48

Erythrocytes

Front 49

A blood type

Back 49

Can receive A, O

Front 50

B blood type

Back 50

Can receive B, O

Front 51

AB blood type

Back 51

Can receive AB, A, B, O

Front 52

O blood type

Back 52

Can receive O

Front 53

P wave

Back 53

.06-.11

Depolarization of atrial fibers

Front 54

P-Q (P-R) interval

Back 54

.12-.2

Time for cardiac impulse from SA node through AV node

Front 55

QRS Complex

Back 55

<.12

Depolarization of ventricular fibers

Front 56

S-T segment

Back 56

.12

Time for ventricles to contract

Front 57

Q-T interval

Back 57

.32-.42

Time from ventricular depolarization to end of ventricular repolarization

Front 58

T wave

Back 58

.16

Repolarization of ventricular fibers (ends pattern)

Front 59

Artery/Veins layers

Back 59

Tunica externa
Tunica Media
Tunica Interna
Lumen

Front 60

Oral cavity - Salivary glands

Back 60

salivary amylase

Polysaccharides (starch)
→ Disaccharides (maltose)

Front 61

Esophagus and then to
Stomach

Back 61

Hydrochloric acid deactivates salivary amylase and its action

Front 62

Small intestine -- Pancreas

Back 62

Pancreatic amylase

Disaccarides/Polysaccharides
→ Disaccharides

Front 63

Small intestine - Intestinal mucosa

Back 63

Maltase

→Monosaccharides (glucose)

Front 64

Urinalysis - Color

Back 64

Color – normal urine varies from light yellow to amber, depending on the presence of urochromes, end-product pigments produced during the decomposition of hemoglobin. Dark urine indicates a high concentration of pigments.
Abnormal urine colors include yellow-brown or green, due to elevated concentrations of bile pigments, and red to dark brown, due to the presence of blood.

Front 65

Urinalysis - Transparency

Back 65

Transparency – Normal urine is clear enough to see through. You can read newsprint through slightly cloudy urine; you can no longer read newsprint through cloudy urine. Cloudy urine indicates the presence of various substances that may include mucus, bacteria, epithelial cells, fat droplets, or inorganic salts.

Front 66

Urinalysis - Specific gravity

Back 66

Specific gravity – is the ratio of the weight of something to the weight of an equal volume of pure water. Actually, the specific gravity of normal urine varies from 1.003 to 1.035.

Front 67

Urinalysis - pH test

Back 67

pH test – The pH of normal urine varies from 4.6 to 8.0, but most commonly, it is near 6.0. The pH of urine may decrease as a result of a diet high in protein, or it may increase with a vegetarian diet. Significant daily variations within the broad normal range are results of concentrations of excesses from variable diets.
Alkaline = vegetables
Acid = meat

Front 68

Urinalysis - glucose test

Back 68

Glucose test – Normally, there is no glucose in urine, However, glucose may appear in the urine temporarily following a meal high in carbohydrates. Glucose also may appear in the urine as a result of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

Front 69

Urinalysis - Protein test

Back 69

Protein test – Normally, proteins of large molecular size are not present in urine. However, those of small molecular sizes, such as albumins, may appear in trace amounts, particularly following stenuous exercise. Increased amounts of proteins also may appear as a result of kidney diseases in which the glomeruli are damaged or as a result of high blood pressure.

Front 70

Urinalysis - Ketone test

Back 70

Ketone test – Ketones are products of fat metabolism. Usually they are not present in urine. However, they may appear in the urine if the diet fails to provide adequate carbohydrate, as in the case of prolonged fasting of starvation or starvation or as a result of insulin deficiency. (Breakdown of Fats).

Front 71

Urinalysis - billirubin test

Back 71

Bilirubin test – Bilirubin, which results from hemoglobin decomposition in the liver, normally is absent in urine. It may appear, however, as a result of liver disorders that cause obstructions of the biliary tract. Urochrome, a normal yellow component of urine, is a result of additional breakdown of bilirubin.

Front 72

urinalysis - Hemoglobin/Occult blood test

Back 72

Hemoglobin/Occult blood test – Hemoglobin occurs in the red blood cells, and because such cells normally do not pass into the renal tubules, hemoglobin is not found in normal urine. Its presence in urine usually indicates a disease process, a transfusion reaction, an injury to the urinary organs, or menstrual blood.

Front 73

Name of the instrument that studies sight

Back 73

opthalmoscope

Front 74

Name of the instrument that studies ears

Back 74

otoscope