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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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trasmits motor information
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motor nervous system
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innervates the gluteal region and most of the lower limb
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sacral plexus
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skeletal muscle fiber
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effector
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contains axons of sensory neurons
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posterior root
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makes myelin sheaths in the CNS
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oligodendrocyte
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a strand of pia mater that anchors spinal cord to coccyx
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filum terminale
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stains darkly with basic dyes
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chromatophilic substance
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composed of tracts and funiculi
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white matter
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side branches of axons
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collaterals
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innervates infrahyoid muscles
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cervical plexus
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respond to CNS infection
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microglial cells
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forms anterior and lateral horns
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basal plate
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multipolar neurons
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neurons with multiple dendrites
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rapid, involuntary motor reaction of a muscle
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reflex
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sensory to motor neuron communication
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interneuron
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contains cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
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lateral horn
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uses a neurotransmitter
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chemical synapse
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a segment of skin supplied by a spinal nerve
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dermatome
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neuron part that usually receives incoming impulses
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dendrite
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innervates anterior thigh muscles
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femoral nerve
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the cell body of a mature neuron does not contain
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a centriole
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the tapered inferior end of the spinal cord is call
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conus medullaris
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neurons that have only 2 processes attached to the cell body are called
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bipolar
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the anterior root of a spinal nerve contains
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axons of motor neurons only
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which neurons are located only within the CNS
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interneurons
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identify the meningeal layer immediately deep to the subdural space
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arachnoid mater
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a structure or cell that collects sensory information
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receptor
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axons cross from one side of the spinal cord to the other through a region called the
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gray commissure
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the glial cells that help produce CSF in the CNS are
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ependymal cells
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the radial nerve originates from the _____ plexus
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brachial
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which of the following is not a part of the CNS?
A. microglial cell B. spinal cord C. neurolemmocyte D. brain |
C. neurolemmocyte
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which structure provides motor innervation to the deep back muscles and receives sensory information from the skin of the back?
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posterior ramus
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which type of cell transmits, transfers and processes a nerve impulse
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neuron
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lower limbs are supplied by neurons from the ______ of the spinal cord
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lumbosacral enlargement
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which type of neuronal pool utilizes nerve impulse feedback to repeatedly stimulate the circuit
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reverberating circuit
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the subarachnoid space contains ______, and the epidural space contains_______
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CSF
fat, connective tissue and blood vessels |
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sensory information relay center
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thalamus
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at an electrical synapse, presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes interface through
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gap junctions
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which cranial nerve has 3 divisions? (opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular)
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trigeminal nerve CN V
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the white matter of the spinal cord is composed primarily of
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myelinated axons
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the subdivision of the brain that does not initiate somatic motor movements, but rather coordinates and fine-tunes those movements is the
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cerebellum
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a thick dense connective tissue layer enclosing the nerve
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epineurium
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the visual reflex center is housed within the
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superior colliculus
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which nerves originate from the thoracic part of the spinal cord
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intercostal nerves
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initiating voluntary skeletal muscle movement is not a function of the
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hypothalamus
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has the nuclei for CN III and CN IV
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mesencephalon
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absence of emotional speech
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aprosody
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autonomic centers for heart rate and respiration
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medulla oblongata
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detects crude touch, pain, pressure and temperature
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spinothalamic tract
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has the nuclei for CN III and CN IV
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mesencephalon
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dura mater fold between cerebral hemispheres
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falx cerebri
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originates in the thalamus
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tertiary neuron
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innervates most thoracic/ abdominal organs
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vagus nerve
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axon crossover is called
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decussation
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contains the motor speech area
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frontal lobe
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a pyramidal cell is known as a _______ pathway
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direct pathway
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has the nuclei for CN III and CN IV
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mesencephalon
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contains the primary auditory cortex
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temporal lobe
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autonomic centers for heart rate and respiration
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medulla oblongata
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what exits the CNS?
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lower motor neuron
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innervates the lateral rectus
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abducens nerve
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has the nuclei for CN III and CN IV
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mesencephalon
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dura mater fold between cerebral hemispheres
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falx cerebri
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information storage and retrieval is also known as
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memory
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responsible for involuntary arm swinging
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cerebral nuclei
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innervates most thoracic/ abdominal organs
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vagus nerve
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autonomic centers for heart rate and respiration
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medulla oblongata
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autonomic centers for heart rate and respiration
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medulla oblongata
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unconscious control of skeletal muscle is also known as a ______ pathway
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indirect
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visual reflex centers
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superior colliculi
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dura mater fold between cerebral hemispheres
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falx cerebri
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dura mater fold between cerebral hemispheres
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falx cerebri
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contains the motor speech area
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frontal lobe
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what contains no tertiary neurons
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spinocerebellar
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secondary neuron in an ascending pathway
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interneuron
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the fasciculus cuneatus and the fasciculus gracilis compose the _____
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posterior funiculi
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the motor tracts that conduct impulses to regulate the skilled movements of the upper and lower limbs are the
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corticospinal tracts
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3 things higher-order mental functions encompass
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memory
learning reasoning |
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what 3 tracts are part of the indirect motor pathway?
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rubrospinal
tectospinal reticulospinal |
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pyramidal cell axons project through corticospinal tracts and synapse at
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motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord
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the right hemisphere tends to be dominant for what functions?
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musical and artistic skills
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precise correspondence between the specific body and the CNS areas is called
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somatotopy
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a loss of consciousness due to fainting is called
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syncope
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extending between the thalamus horn and the primary somatosensory cortex are the _____ neurons
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tertiary
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what is least likely to affect information transfer from STM to LTM
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auditory association cortex
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hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla
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norepinephrine
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network of pre and post ganglionic axons
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autonomic plexus
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second ANS neuron
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ganglionic neuron
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controls entire ANS function
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hypothalamus
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fight or flight division is called
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sympathetic division
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contains sympathetic postganglionic axons only
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gray ramus
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preganglionic axons to prevertebral ganglia
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splachnic nerve
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where are sympathetic trunk ganglia located
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lateral to the spinal cord
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craniosacral division is also known as
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parasympathetic division
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neurotransmitter for all preganglionic axons
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acetylcholine
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a splachnic nerve in the sympathetic division of the ANS is formed by
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preganglionic axons that travel to prevertebral ganglia
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some parasympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies are housed within the
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sacral region of the spinal cord
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what are 3 functions of the sympathetic division of the ANS?
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increase heart rate and breathing rate
prepares for emergency dilates pupils |
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postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglion innervate what?
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stomach
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sympathetic division splachnic nerves end in the ______ ganglia, which are anterior to the vertebral column and aorta
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prevertebral
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all parasympathetic divsion synapses use ______ as a neurotransmitter
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acetylcholine
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which autonomic nerve plexus innervates the pelvic organs
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hypogastric plexus
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how do you describe a sympathetic postganglionic axon?
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long and unmyelinated
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neural crests form
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autonomic ganglia
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what 4 cranial nerves carry parasympathetic preganglionic nerve axons
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CN III oculomotor, VII facial,IX glossopharyngeal and X vagus
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detects tension in tendons, position of joints
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proprioreceptors
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the malleus, incus and stapes are the 3
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auditory ossicles
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fluid in the membranous labyrinth
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endolymph
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detects pain stimuli
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nociceptor
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supports the spiral organ
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basilar membrane
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pigmented middle layer of the eyes
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choroid
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sensation of taste
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gustation
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what attaches to the lens of the eye
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suspensory ligaments
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sensitivity reduced due to constant stimuli is
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adaptation
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sensation of smell
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olfaction
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unencapsulated, terminal branches of dendrites are called
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free nerve endings
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baroreceptors are a class of mechanoreceptors that respond to
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changes in pressure
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which sensory structure has stereocilia of hair cells embedded in a gelatinous structure called a cupula?
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semicircular duct
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the photoreceptors that receive color and sharp vision are
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cones
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a lipid rich product that prevents the eyelids from sticking together is secreted by the
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tarsal glands
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the arrangement of tunics in the eye, from the center to the periphery is
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retina, vascular, fibrous
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receptors in the walls of blood vessels that respond to discrete changes in gas concentration in the blood are called
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chemoreceptors
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the only sensations to reach the cerebral cortex without first processing through the synapses in the thalamus are
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olfaction
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the lacrimal glands produce lacrimal fluid for 3 functions of the eye, what are they?
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cleansing the eye surface
preventing bacterial infection moistening the eye surface |
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what contains hair cells that convert sound waves into nerve impulses
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cochlear duct
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