A&p {Exam #3}

Front 1

Joints have 2 Classifications

Back 1

[1.] STRUCTURAL
-What is the joint made of?

Hint 1

[2.] FUNCTIONAL
-How movable is joint?

Front 2

*~*STRUCTURAL JOINTS*~*

Back 2

[1.]-Fibrous Joints
[2.]-Cartilaginous Joints
[3.]-Synovial Joints

Front 3

STRUCTURAL JOINTS
-Fibrous Joints

Back 3

-Fibrous connective tissue w/collagen; NO Synovial Cavity

Hint 3

[EX.]
-SUTURES & SYNOSTOSIS: sutures, fused sutures (ex. frontal bone)

-SYNDESMOSES: interosseous membrane

-GOMPHOSES: teeth

Front 4

STRUCTURAL JOINTS
-Cartilaginous Joints

Back 4

-Held together w/cartilage; NO Synovial Cavity

Hint 4

[EX.]
-SYNCHONDROSES: epiphyseal plate, first rib & sternum-ossifies in adulthood

-SYMPHYSIS: flat disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones. Invertebral disc & pubis symphysis-part of disc is fibrocartilaginous

Front 5

STRUCTURAL JOINTS
-Synovial Joints

Back 5

-A synovial cavity & dense irregular connective tissue/ligaments

Hint 5

[EX.]
-Movable Joints like shoulder or knee

Front 6

*~*FUNCTIONAL JOINTS*~*

Back 6

[1.]-Synarthrosis
[2.]-Amphiarthrosis
[3.]-Diarthrosis

Front 7

FUNCTIONAL JOINTS
-Synarthrosis

Back 7

-Immoveable or barely moveable

Hint 7

-->Fibrous Joints

Front 8

FUNCTIONAL JOINTS
-Amphiarthrosis

Back 8

-Slightly moveable

Hint 8

-->Cartilaginous Joints

Front 9

FUNCTIONAL JOINTS
-Diarthrosis

Back 9

-Freely moveable

Hint 9

-->Synovial Joints

Front 10

Parts of Synovial Joint (7)

Back 10

(1.) Synovial Joint Cavity
(2.) Articular Cartilage
(3.) Synovial Membrane
(4.) Articular (Joint) Capsule
(5.) Assessory Ligaments
(6.) Nerve & Blood Supply
(7.) Bursae & Tendon Sheaths

Front 11

Types of Synovial Joints (6)

Back 11

(1.) Planar (gliding)
(2.) Hinge
(3.) Pivot
(4.) Condyloid (Ellipsoid)
(5.) Saddle
(6.) Ball-&-Socket

Hint 11

-EXAMPLES-
(1.) -Tarsals/Caprals
-AC Joint
-Sternalcostal Joints of rib pairs
(2.) -Elbow
-Ankle Joint at Talus
(3.) -1st 2 Vertebrae
-Radius & radial notch of Ulna & radius w/capitulum
(4.) -Bicondyler Knee
-TMJ
-Radiocarpal
(5.) -SC Joint
-Thumb (1st metacarpal & carpal bone of wrist)
(6.) -Hip/Shoulder

Front 12

SHOULDER JOINT
(Glenohumeral or Humeroscapular Joint)

Back 12

-->SYNOVIAL: Ball-&-Socket

-Glenoid Cavity/Fossa ARTICULATES w/Head of Humerus

Hint 12

MOVEMENTS: (of shoulder)
-Flexion/Extension
-Abduction/Adduction
-Medial/Lateral Rotation
-Circumduction

**Most freedom of movement at this joint than any other joint due to the shallowness of the cavity & the looseness of the articular capsule
-Rotator cuff musclestrengthen this vulverable point (does not cover inferior pt of joint)
-Ligaments help strengthen this joint to some extent

Front 13

ELBOW JOINT

Back 13

-->SYNOVIAL: Hinge Joint
-->Diarthrosis

--Trochlea of Humerus ARTICULATES w/Trochlear Notch of Ulna & Head of Radius

Hint 13

MOVEMENTS: (of elbow)
-Flexion/Extension

Front 14

HIP (Coxal) JOINT

Back 14

-->SYNOVIAL: Ball-&-Socket
-->Diarthrosis

-Head of Femur ARTICULATES w/Acetabulum of Coxal Bone

Hint 14

MOVEMENTS: (hip or thigh)
-Flexion/Extension
-Abduction/Adduction
-Medial/Lateral Rotation
-Circumduction

**Deeper socket for joint & tighter capsule results in a stronger joint, but less movable joint than shoulder

Front 15

KNEE JOINT
(Tibiofemoral Joint)

Back 15

-->SYNOVIAL: Bicondylar Knee Joint
-->Diarthrosis

-Lateral & Medial Tibiofemoral Joint ARTICULATE w/Patellofemoral Joint

Hint 15

MOVEMENTS: (of leg in flexed position)
-Flexion/Extension
-Slight Medial Rotation
-Lateral Rotation

**It's the largest/most complex joint in body b/c it has 3 joints w/in a single synovial cavity