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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How Particles are moved into Cells |
Active Transport and Passive Transport |
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Passive Transport Methods |
Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion. The purpose is to maintain equilibrium and balance. |
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Types of Active Transport |
Pumps, Vesicles (edocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis). Uses ATP (energy produced by mitochondria) to move particles against concentration gradient. From low to high concentration. Opposite of diffusion. |
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Diffusion |
Particles will spread out evenly across a space. Higher to lower concentration. Occurs down a concentration gradient. Small, uncharged particles. Depends on molecular movement. |
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Facilitated Diffusion |
Channel-mediated transport and Carrier-mediated transport |
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Channel-Mediated Transport |
Protein tunnels that allow substances to pass through. Highly specific. Gates channels open and close (neurons send messages to close gates). Make the membrane semi-permeable. Ex/ Eyes and light |
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Carrier-Mediated Transport |
Carrier structure (a protein) attracts certain molecules. Changes shape on other side of membrane. Is reversable depending on concentration gradient. |
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Osmosis |
Specialize form of diffusion. Involves a membrane. Water flows from hypotonic solution (low # solutes) to hypertonic solution (high # of solutes). Keeps osmotic pressure in cells constant. Water moves from low to high concentration of solutes. Ex/ blood cells |
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Filtration |
Movement of solutes down a concentration ( high to low concentration) gradient by hydrostatic pressure. Ex. kidneys (how blood is filtered)-capillary filtration. |
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Pumps |
Maintain concentration of ions needed for a specific process. How neurons fire. Ex/ general cell function (NaCl/K pump), muscle contraction (Ca), nerve conduction (NaCL/K pump). Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Pinocytosis |
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Endocytosis |
Brings extracellular material into the cell via a vesicle. Ex/ nutrients, or foreign substances |
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Phagocytosis |
Type of endocytosis. Foregin substance brought into the cell via a vessicle to engulf and destroy it. |
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Exocytosis |
Moves substances out of the cell via vesicles. Proteins typically. Some gland secretion done this way. Can add new material to the membrane. |
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Pinocytosis |
Involves fluid both into and out of the cell. Same process as endo/exocytosis. Ex/ Pool water |
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Enzymes |
Function proteins, Catalyst for cells chemical reactions. Specific. Activation/Inactivation can break or disrupt chain, which will not allow for creation of end product. *Lock and key mechanism. |
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Active Site, Allosteric Site, and Allosteric Effector |
Allosteric sites are sensitive to chemical and physical agents , or molecules (which are Allosteric Effectors). Inhibitor or Activations will llow the active site to be funcional or distorted. The shape of the molecule will change shape. |
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How Enzymes are names |
Suffix-ase. Added to substrate (piece that fits into the enzyme) . Ex/ Sucrose becomes sucrase. |
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Reproduction of Cells |
Mitosis (cells divide into two cells, complete DNA in each cell-46 chrom.) or Meosis (only sex cells. 46 Chromosomes split into 23 found in egg or sperm. |
