A&p Exam 2

Front 1

Found in aveoli air sacs, and lumen of blood vessels.

Back 1

Simple squamous epithelium

Front 2

The 4 primary types of tissue in human body.

Back 2

Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle

Front 3

Nonkeritinized stratified squamous is found...

Back 3

Body openings like the oral cavity, vagina, and anus.

Front 4

keratinized stratified squamous is found...

Back 4

Epidermis of skin

Front 5

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar is found...

Back 5

Lines upper respiratory tract

Front 6

Transitional

Back 6

Lining of urinary bladder, ureters and part of the urethra

Front 7

The 2 categories of Connective Tissue Proper are......connective tissue and.....connective tissue

Back 7

loose;dense

Front 8

Serous membranes are composed of 2 parts; a ....layer that lines the body cavity, and a....layer that covers organs.

Back 8

parietal;visceral

Front 9

The simple squamous epithelium that lines blood vessels is called....

Back 9

endothelium

Front 10

Functions of muscle tissue include...

Back 10

Involubtary movements of body organs, voluntary movements of body parts, propulsion of materials through digestive tract

Front 11

General function of epithelial tissue...

Back 11

covers surface and lines body cavities and organs

Front 12

General function of connective tissue

Back 12

protects, binds together, and supports organs

Front 13

Genarl function of Muscle tissue

Back 13

facilitates movement

Front 14

General function of Nervous Tissue

Back 14

controls activities, processes information

Front 15

Red blood cells are called

Back 15

erythocytes

Front 16

Lines body cavities, covers body surfaces, lines many organs, covers many organs

Back 16

Epithelial tissue

Front 17

Which type of epithelial is made of a single layer of cells that are attached to a basement membrane but not all cells reach the apical surface of the epithelium?

Back 17

Pseudostratified

Front 18

Function of tendons

Back 18

Attach muscle to bones

Front 19

What is formed when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte?

Back 19

zygote

Front 20

What describes how epithelial tissues heal themselves??

Back 20

High Regenerative Capacity

Front 21

Keratinized stratified squamous epithilial tissue is located?

Back 21

Epidermis of skin

Front 22

The....epithelium contains two or more layers of epthelial cells

Back 22

stratified epithelium

Front 23

Walls of blood vessels, wall of stomach, wall of urinary bladder

Back 23

Locations of smooth muscle tissue

Front 24

transport o2 and CO2 betweenlunfs and body tissues

Back 24

erythrocytes

Front 25

function of leukocytes

Back 25

immunity

Front 26

Purpose of glial cells

Back 26

support and protect

Front 27

Most commontype of cartilage

Back 27

Hyaline cartilage

Front 28

In the nose, at the end of long bones, in the fetal skeleton, in costal cartilages....

Back 28

Hyaline cartilage

Front 29

Found on spongy bone and responsible for producing blood cells...

Back 29

hemopoietic

Front 30

Collagen fibers are tightly packed and alligned paralled to an applied force

Back 30

Dense regular connective tissue

Front 31

Cells of cartilage are called

Back 31

chondrocytes

Front 32

strong and flexible, "cable-like", appear in white fresh tissue, and they resist stretching.

Back 32

Characteristics of collagen fibers

Front 33

Exposed to surface or lumen

Back 33

apical

Front 34

Its is striated, multinucleated, and voluntary

Back 34

Characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue

Front 35

Found in areas likely to be subjected to abrasive activities and mechanical stress.

Back 35

Stratified epithelium

Front 36

Locations of areolar connective tissue

Back 36

Surrounding nerves, subcutaneous layer of skin, and surrounding blood vessels

Front 37

They line joints of skeletal system, it secretes a lubricating fluid, and it is well vascularized

Back 37

synovial membranes

Front 38

sacs that produce secretions of multicellular exocrine glands

Back 38

acini

Front 39

Functions of bone

Back 39

stores calcium and phosphorus, provides levers for movement, carries out hemopoiesis, and protects vital organs

Front 40

Contain protein collagen ad are thinner than collagen fibers...

Back 40

Reticular fibers

Front 41

It lines bloood vessels, and it allows for diffusion and osmosis across surface

Back 41

Simple squamous epithelial tissue

Front 42

nonkeratinized stratified squamous are found where?

Back 42

oral cavity of mouth, part of pahrynx(throat), esophagous, vagina, anus

Front 43

simple cuboidal can be found where?

Back 43

ducts of most glands and kidney tubules

Front 44

Connective tissue found in the umbilical cord only.

Back 44

Mucous connective tissue

Front 45

It is part of the extracellular matrix, it can be fluid, semisolid, or solid, it consists of proteins, carbs, and water

Back 45

Ground substance of connective tissues

Front 46

Lining of larynx is lined by what?

Back 46

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Front 47

This type of exocrine gland produces sweat, milk, tears, and digestive juices.

Back 47

Serous glands

Front 48

Skin is composed of what two main layers?

Back 48

Epidermis and Dermis

Front 49

Integument is composed to two main layers.

Back 49

layer of stratified squamous epithelium(epidermis)

layer of dense irregular connective tissue(dermis)

Front 50

A major concern with third degree burns is

Back 50

dehydration

Front 51

In the second step in wound healing....occurs

Back 51

Blood clotting

Front 52

Acts as energy resevoir

Provides thermal insulation

Pads & Protects the body

Back 52

Functions of subcuteaneous layer

Front 53

Epidermal Strata layer order from superior to lateral.

Back 53

Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum spinosum

Stratum basale

Front 54

Hair on eyebrows, eyelashes, coarser, and pubic region.

Back 54

Terminal hair

Front 55

Which layer of the integument has a small population of immune cells?

Back 55

Stratum spinosum

Front 56

Delivery of drugs through a patch is////

Back 56

Transdermal administration

Front 57

Apocrine glands are located...

Back 57

axillary, anal, areolar, and pubic regions

Front 58

Three type of hair we produce in our lives?

Back 58

Lanugo, Vellus, Terminal hair

Front 59

The actively growin part of the nail?

Back 59

Nail matrix

Front 60

Normal skin color comes from a combination of...

Back 60

hemoglobin, melanin, carotene

Front 61

Functions of cuboidal epithelial cell

Back 61

absorption, secretion, and protection

Front 62

What is the size of a human cell?

Back 62

one ten-thousandth of a centimeter

Front 63

the components of the cytoplasm?

Back 63

cytosol

organelles

inclusions

Front 64

Interstitial fluid is less concentrated than cytosol?

Back 64

Hypotonic

Front 65

Interstitial fluid is more concentrated than cytosol?

Back 65

Hypertonic

Front 66

2 Passive Processes

Back 66

Diffusion(simple/facilitated)

Osmosis

Front 67

Movement is facilitated by channels accross the plasma membrane

Back 67

Channel-mediated

Front 68

Small (polr) molecule movement is facilitated by protein carriers accross the plasma membrane.

Back 68

Carrier-mediated

Front 69

Vesicular Transport is what type of membranetransport?

Back 69

Active Process

Front 70

Which membrane transport has pumps powered directly by splitting an ATP molecule?

Back 70

Primary Active Transport

Front 71

Which transport is where pumps are powered by energy harnessed as a second substance moves thru a channel down a concentration gradient?

Back 71

Secondary Active Transport

Front 72

When 2 substances are moved in the same direction?

Back 72

Symport

Front 73

Two substances are moved in opposite directions?

Back 73

Antiport

Front 74

Movement of a large substance into a cell

Back 74

Phagocytosis

Front 75

Movement of a fluid into a cell?

Back 75

Pinocytosis

Front 76

Movement of a specific substance into a cell following the binding of the substance to a receptor?

Back 76

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Front 77

An example of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium?

Back 77

phagocytosis

Front 78

.......proteins work to move material across plasma membrane.

Back 78

Proteins

Front 79

.........proteins move ions through a water-filled pore.

Back 79

Channel

Front 80

Vesicular transport is referred to AS...

Back 80

Bulk transport

Front 81

.....is a process by which receptors are actively removed from the plasma membrane via clathrin coated vesicles?

Back 81

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Front 82

A ribosome is what kind of organelle?

Back 82

Non-membrane bound

Front 83

Tumors involve a malfunction in what cellular process?

Back 83

Mitosis

Front 84

During what mitosis phase, does chromatin coil to form chromosomes, the nuclear membrane disappears, the nucleus dissolves, spindle fibers form, and centrioles migrate to poles?

Back 84

Prophase

Front 85

Increases surface area for greater absorbtion

Back 85

Microvilli

Front 86

Functions in synthesis of ribosomes

Back 86

Nucleolous

Front 87

Responsible for many cellular processes

Back 87

Cytoplasm

Front 88

Carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell

Back 88

Organelles

Front 89

Modifies, transports, and stores proteins produced by attatched ribosomes.

Back 89

Rough ER

Front 90

Synthesizes, transports, and stores lipids; metabolizes carbs; detoxifies drugs, alcohol, and poisons

Back 90

Smooth ER

Front 91

Secretes proteins that become components of the plasma membrane, or serve as enzymes of lysosomes.

Back 91

Rough ER

Front 92

Forms vesicles and peroxisomes

Back 92

Smooth ER

Front 93

Viscous fluid medium containing various solutes

Back 93

Cytosol

Front 94

Modifies, packages, and sorts materials that arrive from the ER in transport vesicles

Back 94

Golgi apparatus

Front 95

Forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes

Back 95

Golgi Apparatus

Front 96

Contain digestive enzymes

Back 96

Lysosomes

Front 97

Digest microbes or materials ingested by the cell, worn-out cellular components or the entire cell

Back 97

Lysosomes

Front 98

Detoxify specific harmful substances either produced by the cell or taken into the cell

Back 98

Peroxisomes

Front 99

Synthesizemost ATP durinf aerobic cellular respiration by digestion of fuel molecules in the presence of oxygen

Back 99

Mitochondria

Front 100

Engage in protein synthesis

Back 100

Ribosomes

Front 101

Organized network of protein filaments and hollow tubules, including microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Back 101

Cytoskeleton

Front 102

3 Examples of inclusions

Back 102

Melanin, glycogen, or lipids

Front 103

Functions include detoxification and Beta oxidation...

Back 103

Peroxisomes

Front 104

Function is energy harvesting....

Back 104

Mitochondria

Front 105

Function is protein syhtesizing

Back 105

Ribosomes

Front 106

Functions include modification, packaging, sorting, transport, and structure formation....

Back 106

Golgi Apparatus

Front 107

Functions are organization and cell division

Back 107

Centrosomes & Centrioles

Front 108

Functions include protein digestion, and quaility assurance

Back 108

Proteasomes

Front 109

Prevent intercellular leakage by attatching each cell to its neighboring cell via proteins. Forcing all substances to move "through" the cell. ex. leakage of urine thru wall

Back 109

Tight junctions

Front 110

Coonect cells together and anchor the cell to the basement membrane. Provides resistance to mechanical stress

Back 110

Desmosomes

Front 111

Form within the intercellular space of neighboring cells and house fluid-filled tunnels that act as passageways for substance transport between cells...

Back 111

Gap Junctions

Front 112

Transcription occurs in the...

Back 112

Nucleus

Front 113

Translation occurs in the...

Back 113

cytoplasm

Front 114

Order of cell mitosis cycle

Back 114

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Front 115

Whats happens in G1, S, and G2 Phases?

Back 115

G1(growth, S(DNA replication/growth), G2(growth)

Front 116

In what cell stage does the nuclear envelope break down, chromosomes appear

Back 116

Prophase

Front 117

Uses a beam of electrons to scan a surface and produce a 3-d surface topography image

Back 117

Scanning Electron Microscope

Front 118

uses an electron beam to transpose a 2d translucent image of a "thin-sliced" section of a specimen on a screen,

Back 118

TEM-Transmission Electron Microscope

Front 119

Humans have how many cells?

Back 119

75 trillion cells

Front 120

The ER, Golgi Apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes and mitochondria are all...

Back 120

Membrane-bound organelles

Front 121

Ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrosome, and proteasomes are all...

Back 121

Non-membrane bound organelles

Front 122

Molecules not enclosed by a membrane are called...

Back 122

Inclusions

Front 123

The "balloon-like"..........component attatched to the ...........tails form the outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer

Back 123

Hydrophilic; hydrophobic

Front 124

Proteins of the phospholipid bilayer are structurally classified as either.....

Back 124

Integral or peripheral

Front 125

Proteins that span accross the width of the phospholipid bilayer....

Back 125

Integral proteins

Front 126

Gycoproteins are a type of....protein in which an attached carb is surrounded by interstitial fluid.

Back 126

Integral

Front 127

Proteins attached to both internal and external portions of the integral proteins.

Back 127

Peripheral Proteins

Front 128

Occurs when a substance moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

Back 128

Diffusion

Front 129

During cell diffusion......molecules squeeze between phopholipid molecules of the plasma membrane from a higher to a lower concentration

Back 129

Non-polar

Front 130

Requires the assistance of a plasma protein in order to cross the plasma membrane

Back 130

Facilitated diffusion

Front 131

Charged.....solutes unassisted by plasma membrane proteins will be obstructed from entering the cell by the nonpolar phospholipid bilayer.

Back 131

Polar

Front 132

....occurs when small, polar molecules such as simple sugars and amino acids are assisted by carrier proteins in crossing the plasma membrane.

Back 132

Carrier-mediated difffusion

Front 133

...is where a cell's volume and pressure changes based on osmosis

Back 133

tonicity

Front 134

...requires energy from ATP to move solutes against concentration gradient acccross the plasma membrane.

Back 134

Active transport

Front 135

...adds a phosphate group to a transport protein in order to change the protein's shape and movement.

Back 135

Primary sctive transport

Front 136

An ion pumo whereby one type of ion is moved into the cell against its concentration gradient while another type of ion is moved out of the cell against its concentrationgradient.

Back 136

Sodium-potassium pump