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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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epthelial tissue
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line body surfaces, cavities, ducts, and tubes
one free surface faces body fluid or environment capable of producing secretions |
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connective tissue
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connect and support parts of body
some transport/store materials blood, bone, adipose, cartilage |
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CHONPS
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
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atomic number
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# of protons
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atomic weight
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protons + neutrons
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ionic bonding
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trasnfer of electrons
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covalent bonding
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sharing of electrons
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synthesis
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joins 2 or more atoms to make new compound
requires energy |
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decomposition
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bonds are broken
releases energy |
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CO2
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waste product of cellular respiration
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acid
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increases H+ concentration
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base
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decreases H+ OR increases OH-
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maintains pH
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kidneys: urine and hormones
respiration: CO2 and water vapor acid/base buffer system |
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trace elements
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Ca, Fe, Cu, Na, K, S, Co, I
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4 major organic groups
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carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid
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carbohydrates
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energy: sugars to monosacs
contains: C H O |
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lipids
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fats
stored btw muscle and subq level mono/di/tri forms cell membranes and steroid hormones |
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proteins
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made of amino acids
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7 characteristics of living things
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organization, irritablity, contractility, nutrition, metabolism/growth, respiration, excretion, reproduction
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endoplasmic reticulum
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-extensive network of tubules that extend from nuclear membrane to cell membrane
-passageway for transport of materials for cell fxns in cell |
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ribosomes
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small
made of proteins and RNA site of protein synthesis |
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golgi apparatus
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flat, membranous sac
synthesizes carbs can secrete substance out of cell by breaking off portion of 'stack' and adhering to cell membrane |
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mitochondria
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power house
oval/spherical in cytoplasm double membrane inner membrane has cristae folds aerobic RX of cell respiration site of ATP production |
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lysosomes
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single membrane
in cytoplasm garbage trucks hold digestive enzymes lots in leukocytes contributes to inflammation |
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centrioles
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pair of rod shaped structures
only fxn in division of cell just outside nucleus guide polarity |
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cilia/flagella
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thread-like projections
short sweep materials across surface sperm (long) |
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diffusion
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high concentration to low
no energy required O2/CO2 in lungs |
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osmosis
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movement of H2O thru semipermeable membrane
high to low concentration move to more dissolved material in kidneys & small intestines |
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hypotonic
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water moves into cell
cell bursts |
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hypertonic
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water leaves cell
cell shrivels |
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facilitated diffusion
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needs helper enzyme
high to low concentration energy required glucose must have enzyme to enter cell |
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active transport
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requires energy
low to high concentration Na/Kpump in nerves and muscles |
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filtration
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requires energy; not ATP
dissolved materials forced thru membrane high to low pressure blood pressure on vessels |
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phagocytosis
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cell attracted to substance
engulfs substance digests it (lysosome) |
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pinocytosis
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substance comes to cell
either digests/circulates substance |
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exocrine glands
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have ducts
takes secretion away from glands salivary, sweat gland |
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endocrine glands
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ductless
hormones directly into ciruclation adrenal, thyroid, pituitary glands |
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areolar
loose fibrous CT |
cells are fibroblasts
make collagen & elastin fibers semisolid matrix beneath dermis haphazard arrangment |
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adipose CT
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cells are adipocytes
tissue fluid & collagen fibers very little matrix chemical storage for long term energy stores excess calories (converted to fats) to be used when needed stored subq in areolar CT cushions organs: eyes, kidneys |
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dense fibrous CT
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parallel collagen fibers w/ few fibroblasts
little to NO matrix poor blood supply - slow to heal flexible strength arteries, tendons, ligaments |
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elastic CT
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elastin fibers
fibroblasts and tissue fluid walls of lg. arteries & alveoli of lungs |
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bone CT
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osteocytes + solid matrix
good blood supply strong, hard, limited flexibility supports body, protects organs precise arrangment (haversian systems) hemopoietic tissue |
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cartilage CT
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cells are chondrocytes
solid matrix no blood supply nourished by diffusion thru matrix firm but smooth, flexible found in joints nose, ear, wall of trachea repair is slow, IF EVER |
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serous membranes
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simple squamous epithelium
line some closed cavities cover some organs inside |
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mucous membranes
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line body tracts w/ openings to outside environment
stratified squamous, ciliated, columnar, etc. traps dust and bacteria |
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superficial fascia
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CT
btw skin & muscle adipose stores fat here |
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periosteum
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CT
covers each bone contains blood vessels that enter bone anchors tendons and ligaments |
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perichondrium
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CT
covers cartilage contains capillaries only blood supply for cartilage |
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synovial
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CT
lines joint cavities secretes synovial fluid lubrication |
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deep fascia
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CT
covers each skeletal muscle anchors tendons |
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firbrous pericardium
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CT
pericardial sac sac around heart |
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sickle cell anemia
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NO NITROUS OXIDE FOR PATIENT
gene on chromosome #11 incorrect recessive trait hemoglobin not formed correctly |
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aging
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telomeres once gone, genes are lost
deterioration of cell membrane and organelles structural proteins break down and not replaced enzymes not made anymore normal cell fxn inhibited b/c damaged proteins accumulate and interefere |
