Ap Euro Scientific Revolution And Enlightenment

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Aristotelian philosophy

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The idea that the sun was the center of the universe, Idea developed by Aristotel.

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Cartesian Dualism

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The idea that mind was separated from matter. You use reason to understand the mind and math to understand matter.

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Geocentric

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The idea that the Earth is the center of the universe.

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Heliocentric

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The idea that the sun is the center of the universe. Idea created by Copernicus.

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Inductive method

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The strategy of thinking where you use multiple specific ideas to draw a general conclusion.

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Ptolemaic model

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The layout where the earth is the center of the universe and it's surrounded by 10 spheres.

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Rationalism

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The belief that reason and experience and not emotions or religious beliefs should be the basis for your actions, opinions, etc. And it can be used to fix society.

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Royal academy

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The scientific society in France where only the elite could join scientific societies and were paid to attend by the government.

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Nicholas Copernicus

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Astronomer that created the idea that the Earth was the center of the Universe but it was surrounded by 10 spheres.

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Johannes Kepler

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Confirmed Copernicus' idea of heliocentricism. Had 3 laws: planets travel in an eliptical pattern, the speed of planets increase as it goes closer to the sun and decreases as it goes away from the sun, and planets with large ordits have a slower velocity around sun then those with small ordits.

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Galileo

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Openly displayed his evidence supporting heliocentricism. Faced the insqusition twice and was put on house arrest for the last 8 years of his life. Used a telescope to look up at the sky and gather evidence on heliocentricism.

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Isacc Newton

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Atronomer that invented calculus (a mathematical way of calculating rates of change) Combines Copernicus's system with Kepler with Galileo's physics. Proved universal gravitation: he combinded laws of planetary motion. Was a deist.

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Sir Francis Bacon

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Cane before Newton. Used inductive reasoning (multiple examples to draw a specific conclusion). Rejected Aristotelian method of speculative reasoning to build a theory, instead he collecting data.

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Spinoza

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Disagreed with Descartes he believed. God wasn't simply the Creator of the universe but he is the universe. One must understand nature and then he will be able to understand God.

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Descartes

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Was a French philosopher use deductive reasoning one should start with self evident truths and develop more scientific principles: work backwards. Start with the things we know for sure then work backwards. Was a rationalist. Divides mind and matter. Believes that using reason and science we can discover truths. Separates science from religion.

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Salon

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Coffee houses/ guest rooms in houses where philosophers disscusses scientific issues and other ideas. Drank coffee which stimulated the brain.

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Deism

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The idea that God simply "set the universe in motion" and left so he has no effect on the processes on Earth. The earth was the way it was because of natural causes.

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General will

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Majority will. What the majority of the people want.

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Neoclassicism

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of or relating to, or constituting a revival or adaptation of the classical especially in literature, music, art, or architecture

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Methodism

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A religious group drive from Anglicanism that emphasized the revival of religious spirituality. Created by John Wesley.

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Philosophe

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A French philosopher of the Enlightenment.

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Physiocrat

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a member of a school of political economists founded in 18th century France and characterized chiefly by a belief that government policy should not interfere with the operation of natural economic laws and that land is the source of all wealth

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Rococo

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The art style developed during the Enlightenment that emphasized grace and gentle aaction. It rejected stricter geometrical patterns and had a had a fondness for curves. Showed wandered lines of natural objects. Very secular.

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Diderot (encyclopedia)

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A deist. Made the encyclopedia (a collection of human knowlege ranging from works of Voltaire to farming practices. Gave access of the best information to everyone. People that could read had access to the encyclopedia.)

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Rousseau

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Was a romantic, NOT an enlightenment philosopher.
In his social contract humans were free and virtuous until they were fooled by the rich to form societies to protect their materialistic things. The rich took the things of the poor thus separating the rich from the poor. The believed in an education where children would learn by nature and experiences. People should not be able to follow their own self-interest and society should be governed by the general will / majority will.

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Voltaire

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Was a French philosophe who valued the freedom of speech and religion and tolerance. He was thrown in jail and given the choice to either go to England (where there was freedom of speech and tolerance) or stay in jail, he chose England. Was a deist.

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Montesquieu

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He was very well educated he believes that French society and religion is ridiculous was a noble and when looking at France he hated it because Nobles had a little power and he wanted power he believed in three types of government a monarchy for medium sized societies Republic for small societies and despotism (a ruler who has total power and who often uses that power in cruel and unfair ways) for large societies.

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Adam Smith
(economic liberalism)

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Believed in laissez-faire (let it be) the government should not interfere with companies so companies can have the cheapest go for the best quality. Supplying the man should drive the market and economics. A free market will seduce the best products at the best prices as of guided by an invisible hand.

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Mary Wollstonecraft

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Female philosophe who advocated for the equality of women.

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Laissez-faire

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" let it be" . Government should not interfere with companies so they could create high quality products at low prices.