Ap Comparative Unit Two Vocabulary

Front 1

Assembly of Religious Experts:

Back 1

body of Mujtahids charged with electing and supervising the Supreme Leader of Iran

Front 2

ayatollah

Back 2

high ranking clerics in Iran

Front 3

bazaars

Back 3

urban marketplace

Front 4

cabinet

Back 4

ministers who direct executive departments and collectively responsible to Parliament

Front 5

Conservative Party:

Back 5

descended from the historic Tory Party

Front 6

constitutional monarchy

Back 6

head of state is hereditary but limited by a constitution

Front 7

Downing Street:

Back 7

official residences of two of the most senior British cabinet ministers: Prime Minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer

Front 8

European Union:

Back 8

economic and political union of 27 member states, located primarily in Europe

Front 9

Expediency Council:

Back 9

consulting/mediating administrative assembly appointed by the Supreme Leader

Front 10

fatwa

Back 10

pronouncement issued by high-ranking Islamic cleric

Front 11

first-past-the-post:

Back 11

candidate with the most number of votes in an election wins a seat in the legislature

Front 12

foreign direct investment

Back 12

ownership/investment in international enterprise where investor plays a managerial role

Front 13

fundamentalism

Back 13

term to describe radical religious movements

Front 14

fusion of powers

Back 14

constitutional principle that merges authority of branches

Front 15

globalization

Back 15

worldwide interconnectedness associated with trade and cultural exchange

Front 16

Guardian Council

Back 16

committee created in the Iranian system to oversee the Majles

Front 17

Hezbollahis

Back 17

religious vigilantes

Front 18

hojjat al-Islam

Back 18

medium-ranking cleric in Iran

Front 19

imam

Back 19

leader, title bestowed on Khomeini

Front 20

insularity:

Back 20

people, or a community that is only concerned with their limited way of life and not at all interested in new ideas

Front 21

jihad

Back 21

struggle, armed or spiritual struggle for improvement

Front 22

jihad:

Back 22

an Islamic term, a religious duty of Muslims. In Twelver Shi'a Islam Jihad is one of the 11 Practices of the Religion

Front 23

jurist's guardianship

Back 23

concept that Iranian clergy should guide the law and people

Front 24

Keynesianism

Back 24

economic policy using government fiscal policy to promote economic growth and stability

Front 25

Labour Party:

Back 25

the principal party of the left in Great Britain since the 1920s

Front 26

laissez-faire

Back 26

principle that government should not interfere in economy

Front 27

liberal democracy:

Back 27

aka constitutional democracy, feature constitutional protections of individual rights from government power

Front 28

Liberal Democrats:

Back 28

a liberal political party in the United Kingdom, formed by merging the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party

Front 29

Mahmud Ahmadinejad:

Back 29

sixth and current President of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Front 30

Majles

Back 30

assembly, Irania parliament

Front 31

majority-coalition system:

Back 31

a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which several parties cooperate usually when no party on its own can achieve a majority

Front 32

mixed economy:

Back 32

mixture of private and government ownership or control, or a mixture of capitalism and socialism

Front 33

monetarism

Back 33

economic policy that assumes a natural rate of unemployment and rejects Keynesianism

Front 34

neoliberalism

Back 34

government policies that promote free competition

Front 35

NHS:

Back 35

National Health Services in the United Kingdom

Front 36

parliamentary democracy

Back 36

system where executive is answerable to legislature and may be dismissed by it

Front 37

parliamentary sovereignty

Back 37

constitutional principle by which the legislature can overturn law without executive input

Front 38

People of the Book

Back 38

Muslim term for recognized religious minorities (Jews, Christians, Zorastrians)

Front 39

quangos

Back 39

acronym for quasi-nongovernmental organizations that influence policy in Britain

Front 40

rentier state:

Back 40

states which derive all or a substantial portion of their national revenues from the rent of indigenous resources to external clients

Front 41

Revolutionary Guard

Back 41

ideologically driven militia in Iran that plays a role in social control

Front 42

shah:

Back 42

title of Iranian kings

Front 43

shari'a

Back 43

Islamic law derived moslty from Qur'an

Front 44

Shi'ism

Back 44

branch of Islam-the other is Sunni

Front 45

single-member districts:

Back 45

one representative is elected to a given legislative district, while a multi-member district has more than one

Front 46

social security

Back 46

national system of benefits for elderly, disabled and unemployed

Front 47

Supreme Leader

Back 47

head of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Front 48

Supreme National Security Council:

Back 48

an institution to watch over the Iranian Islamic Revolution and safeguard national interests as well as its sovereignty and territorial integrity

Front 49

Thatcherism:

Back 49

distinctive ideology, political style and programme of polices of the British Conservative Party 1975-2000

Front 50

theocracy

Back 50

state dominated by clergy

Front 51

unitary state

Back 51

all powers are reserved to the national government, centralized state

Front 52

vote of confidence:

Back 52

procedure used by members of a legislative body to remove a government (the prime minister and his cabinet) from office

Front 53

welfare state

Back 53

public policies designed to provide for citizens' needs

Front 54

Westminster model

Back 54

form of democracy based on supreme authority of Parliament